fix: isolate hidden pane render cadence

docs/next/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 - Experimental pane graphics now support bounded named layers, acknowledged full-RGBA primary-layer direct file frames on audited local terminals, owned BGRA fallback, exact pixel mouse input, and placement-only resize replay.
 
 ### Fixed
+- Foreground typing no longer waits behind render cadence consumed by output from panes in hidden tabs. (#2890)
 - The Windows ARM64 installer now waits for x64 emulation to release the verified executable before activating the downloaded release. (#2916)
 - On Unix, Ctrl-click URL openers are now reaped after they exit, preventing defunct child processes from accumulating on long-running servers. (#2903)
 - Herdr no longer sends the full OSC 4 palette query burst under WSL, preventing reply fragments from leaking into the shell through ConPTY. (#2440)

src/app/mod.rs

@@ -149,7 +149,10 @@ pub struct App {
     /// Parsed `ui.window_title` plus the hostname resolved when it was applied.
     window_title_template: Option<(crate::config::WindowTitleTemplate, String)>,
     pub(crate) persist_pane_history: bool,
+    /// Last render-loop attempt, including a throttled hidden-only PTY skip.
     pub(crate) last_render_at: Option<Instant>,
+    /// Last attempt that could update a connected presentation surface.
+    pub(crate) last_presentation_at: Option<Instant>,
     pub(crate) input_leases: input::InputLeaseTable,
     pub render_notify: Arc<Notify>,
     pub(crate) render_dirty: Arc<crate::render_signal::RenderSignal>,
@@ -783,6 +786,7 @@ impl App {
             selection_highlight_clear_deadline: None,
             persist_pane_history: config.experimental.pane_history,
             last_render_at: None,
+            last_presentation_at: None,
             input_leases: input::InputLeaseTable::default(),
             api_rx,
             event_hub,
@@ -1133,7 +1137,7 @@ impl App {
                     self.render_dirty.request_generic();
                     self.render_notify.notify_one();
                 }
-                self.last_render_at = Some(now);
+                self.record_render_attempt(now, true);
                 needs_render = false;
                 continue;
             }

src/app/runtime.rs

@@ -534,6 +534,22 @@ impl App {
         }
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn can_present_now(&self, now: Instant) -> bool {
+        match self.last_presentation_at {
+            Some(last_presentation_at) => {
+                now.duration_since(last_presentation_at) >= MIN_RENDER_INTERVAL
+            }
+            None => true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn record_render_attempt(&mut self, now: Instant, presentation: bool) {
+        self.last_render_at = Some(now);
+        if presentation {
+            self.last_presentation_at = Some(now);
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn run_auto_update_check(&mut self) {
         if !background_update_check_enabled(self.no_session, self.update_version_check_enabled) {
             self.next_auto_update_check = None;
@@ -657,6 +673,20 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::app::state;
     use crate::workspace::Workspace;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn hidden_render_attempt_keeps_presentation_cadence_available() {
+        let (mut app, _) = test_app_with_pane();
+        let initial_presentation = Instant::now();
+        app.record_render_attempt(initial_presentation, true);
+
+        let hidden_attempt = initial_presentation + MIN_RENDER_INTERVAL;
+        app.record_render_attempt(hidden_attempt, false);
+        let foreground_echo = hidden_attempt + Duration::from_millis(1);
+
+        assert!(!app.can_render_now(foreground_echo));
+        assert!(app.can_present_now(foreground_echo));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn interrupted_detached_process_wait_keeps_child_for_retry() {
         let interrupted = std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted, "test interrupt");

src/render_signal.rs

@@ -37,14 +37,41 @@ impl RenderSignal {
         self.pending.store(true, Ordering::Release);
     }
 
-    /// Returns true when this request transitions the signal from idle to pending.
+    /// Returns true when the signal becomes pending or a new PTY source joins it.
+    ///
+    /// A new source may be visible even when the existing pending sources are
+    /// hidden, so the consumer must re-evaluate the coalesced request.
     pub(crate) fn request_pty(&self, pane_id: PaneId) -> bool {
         let mut request = self
             .request
             .lock()
             .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
-        request.pty_sources.insert(pane_id);
-        !self.pending.swap(true, Ordering::AcqRel)
+        let source_added = request.pty_sources.insert(pane_id);
+        let became_pending = !self.pending.swap(true, Ordering::AcqRel);
+        became_pending || source_added
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn has_generic_or_terminal_title(&self) -> bool {
+        let request = self
+            .request
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
+        request.generic || !request.terminal_title_sources.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    /// Checks pending PTY origins without allocating a source snapshot.
+    /// Keep the predicate narrow because producers share this lock.
+    pub(crate) fn has_pty_source_matching(
+        &self,
+        mut predicate: impl FnMut(PaneId) -> bool,
+    ) -> bool {
+        self.request
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner)
+            .pty_sources
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .any(&mut predicate)
     }
 
     /// Coalesces terminal-title changes separately from ordinary PTY damage so
@@ -54,8 +81,9 @@ impl RenderSignal {
             .request
             .lock()
             .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
-        request.terminal_title_sources.insert(pane_id);
-        !self.pending.swap(true, Ordering::AcqRel)
+        let source_added = request.terminal_title_sources.insert(pane_id);
+        let became_pending = !self.pending.swap(true, Ordering::AcqRel);
+        became_pending || source_added
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn pending_terminal_title_sources(&self) -> HashSet<PaneId> {
@@ -88,7 +116,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert!(signal.request_pty(first));
         assert!(!signal.request_pty(first));
-        assert!(!signal.request_pty(second));
+        assert!(signal.request_pty(second));
 
         let request = signal.take();
         assert!(!request.generic);
@@ -97,6 +125,16 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!signal.is_pending());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn terminal_title_source_wakes_pending_pty_work() {
+        let signal = RenderSignal::new();
+        let pane_id = PaneId::from_raw(10);
+
+        assert!(signal.request_pty(pane_id));
+        assert!(signal.request_terminal_title(pane_id));
+        assert!(!signal.request_terminal_title(pane_id));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn coalesces_terminal_title_sources_without_making_them_pty_damage() {
         let signal = RenderSignal::new();
@@ -120,7 +158,7 @@ mod tests {
         let pane_id = PaneId::from_raw(10);
 
         signal.request_generic();
-        assert!(!signal.request_pty(pane_id));
+        assert!(signal.request_pty(pane_id));
 
         let request = signal.take();
         assert!(request.generic);

src/server/headless.rs

@@ -698,8 +698,18 @@ impl HeadlessServer {
             self.stream_host_mouse_capture_mode();
             self.stream_host_keyboard_enhancement_flags();
 
-            // 7. Render virtually and stream frames.
-            if needs_render && self.app.can_render_now(now) {
+            // 7. Render virtually and stream frames. Hidden-only PTY work keeps a
+            // bounded classification cadence without delaying presentation work
+            // that joins the same coalesced request.
+            let render_cadence_due = self.app.can_render_now(now);
+            if needs_render
+                && (render_cadence_due
+                    || (self.app.can_present_now(now)
+                        && self.has_pending_presentation_work(
+                            needs_full_render,
+                            needs_graphics_render,
+                        )))
+            {
                 crate::render_prof::event("render.attempt");
                 let render_request = self.app.render_dirty.take();
                 let pty_dirty = !render_request.pty_sources.is_empty();
@@ -744,11 +754,12 @@ impl HeadlessServer {
                     PtyRenderState::Hidden
                 };
                 let mut deferred_graphics = false;
-                let rendered_retained = match retained_render_plan(RetainedRenderInput {
+                let render_plan = retained_render_plan(RetainedRenderInput {
                     needs_full_render,
                     needs_graphics_render,
                     pty,
-                }) {
+                });
+                let rendered_retained = match render_plan {
                     RetainedRenderPlan::Full => false,
                     RetainedRenderPlan::Graphics => {
                         match self.render_retained_graphics_update_and_stream() {
@@ -774,7 +785,8 @@ impl HeadlessServer {
                     crate::render_prof::event("full_render.invoke");
                     self.render_and_stream();
                 }
-                self.app.last_render_at = Some(now);
+                self.app
+                    .record_render_attempt(now, render_plan != RetainedRenderPlan::HiddenPty);
                 needs_render = false;
                 needs_full_render = false;
                 needs_graphics_render = false;
@@ -4069,10 +4081,32 @@ impl HeadlessServer {
         }
     }
 
-    fn pty_sources_visible_to_any_render_target(
+    fn has_pending_presentation_work(
         &self,
-        sources: &HashSet<crate::layout::PaneId>,
+        needs_full_render: bool,
+        needs_graphics_render: bool,
     ) -> bool {
+        if needs_full_render
+            || needs_graphics_render
+            || self.app.render_dirty.has_generic_or_terminal_title()
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        let (has_app_target, direct_terminal_targets) = self.pty_render_targets();
+        if !has_app_target && direct_terminal_targets.is_empty() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.app.render_dirty.has_pty_source_matching(|pane_id| {
+            self.pty_source_visible_to_render_targets(
+                pane_id,
+                has_app_target,
+                &direct_terminal_targets,
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn pty_render_targets(&self) -> (bool, HashSet<&str>) {
         let mut has_app_target = false;
         let mut direct_terminal_targets = HashSet::new();
         for client in self
@@ -4091,15 +4125,35 @@ impl HeadlessServer {
                 ClientConnectionMode::App => {}
             }
         }
+        (has_app_target, direct_terminal_targets)
+    }
+
+    fn pty_source_visible_to_render_targets(
+        &self,
+        pane_id: crate::layout::PaneId,
+        has_app_target: bool,
+        direct_terminal_targets: &HashSet<&str>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let terminal_id = self.terminal_id_for_pane(pane_id);
+        (has_app_target && (terminal_id.is_none() || self.app_surface_contains_pane(pane_id)))
+            || terminal_id.is_none_or(|source| direct_terminal_targets.contains(source.as_str()))
+    }
+
+    fn pty_sources_visible_to_any_render_target(
+        &self,
+        sources: &HashSet<crate::layout::PaneId>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let (has_app_target, direct_terminal_targets) = self.pty_render_targets();
         if !has_app_target && direct_terminal_targets.is_empty() {
             return false;
         }
 
-        sources.iter().any(|&pane_id| {
-            let terminal_id = self.terminal_id_for_pane(pane_id);
-            (has_app_target && (terminal_id.is_none() || self.app_surface_contains_pane(pane_id)))
-                || terminal_id
-                    .is_none_or(|source| direct_terminal_targets.contains(source.as_str()))
+        sources.iter().copied().any(|pane_id| {
+            self.pty_source_visible_to_render_targets(
+                pane_id,
+                has_app_target,
+                &direct_terminal_targets,
+            )
         })
     }
 
@@ -9626,6 +9680,17 @@ next_tab = ""
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn visible_source_wakes_pending_hidden_work() {
+        let (server, background_pane) = hidden_pty_visibility_test_server(&[(120, 40)]);
+        let visible_pane = server.app.state.workspaces[0].tabs[0].root_pane;
+
+        assert!(server.app.render_dirty.request_pty(background_pane));
+        assert!(!server.has_pending_presentation_work(false, false));
+        assert!(server.app.render_dirty.request_pty(visible_pane));
+        assert!(server.has_pending_presentation_work(false, false));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn inactive_tab_pty_source_is_hidden_until_tab_focus() {
         let (server, background_pane) = hidden_pty_visibility_test_server(&[]);