azurerm_client_config data: export principal_type

[baranyaimate]

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Description

This PR adds the principal_type attribute to the azurerm_client_config data source. The attribute exposes the type of the authenticated principal (e.g. ServicePrincipal or User) from the client account metadata.

run-gradually-deprecated exception: azurerm_client_config reads directly from the provider's auth context, so the test asserts exact values from ARM_CLIENT_ID, ARM_TENANT_ID, and ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID, hence the exception in run-gradually-deprecated.sh. Can be swapped to UUID regex matching if needed.

PR Checklist

• I have followed the guidelines in our Contributing Documentation.
• I have checked to ensure there aren't other open Pull Requests for the same update/change.
• I have checked if my changes close any open issues. If so please include appropriate closing keywords below.
• I have updated/added Documentation as required written in a helpful and kind way to assist users that may be unfamiliar with the resource / data source.
• I have used a meaningful PR title to help maintainers and other users understand this change and help prevent duplicate work.
  For example: “resource_name_here - description of change e.g. adding property new_property_name_here”

Changes to existing Resource / Data Source

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Testing

• My submission includes Test coverage as described in the Contribution Guide and the tests pass. (if this is not possible for any reason, please include details of why you did or could not add test coverage)

TF_ACC=1 go test -v ./internal/services/authorization -run=TestAccClientConfigDataSource_basic -timeout 120m -ldflags="-X=github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-azurerm/version.ProviderVersion=acc"
=== RUN   TestAccClientConfigDataSource_basic
=== PAUSE TestAccClientConfigDataSource_basic
=== CONT  TestAccClientConfigDataSource_basic
--- PASS: TestAccClientConfigDataSource_basic (25.14s)
PASS
ok      github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-azurerm/internal/services/authorization 44.990s

Change Log

Data Source: azurerm_client_config - export the principal_type property [GH-32103]

This is a (please select all that apply):

• Bug Fix
• New Feature (ie adding a service, resource, or data source)
• Enhancement
• Breaking Change

Related Issue(s)

Fixes #32103

AI Assistance Disclosure

• AI Assisted - This contribution was made by, or with the assistance of, AI/LLMs

Rollback Plan

If a change needs to be reverted, we will publish an updated version of the provider.

Changes to Security Controls

Are there any changes to security controls (access controls, encryption, logging) in this pull request? If so, explain.

Note

If this PR changes meaningfully during the course of review please update the title and description as required.