Add native Windows ARM64 (WoA) build support to mediapipe

.bazelrc

@@ -36,6 +36,45 @@ build:windows --copt=/w
 build:windows --copt=/D_USE_MATH_DEFINES
 build:windows --host_copt=/D_USE_MATH_DEFINES
 
+# windows arm64
+build:windows_arm64 --config=windows
+build:windows_arm64 --cpu=arm64_windows
+build:windows_arm64 --platforms=@//mediapipe:windows_arm64_platform
+build:windows_arm64 --enable_runfiles
+# Disable GPU for ARM64 build
+build:windows_arm64 --define=MEDIAPIPE_DISABLE_GPU=1
+# MSVC does not support __builtin_expect; disable its use in farmhash.
+build:windows_arm64 --copt=/DFARMHASH_NO_BUILTIN_EXPECT
+# MSVC conformant preprocessor and Windows header macros to reduce
+# namespace pollution and avoid macro conflicts (min/max, GDI, etc.)
+build:windows_arm64 --copt=/Zc:preprocessor
+build:windows_arm64 --host_copt=/Zc:preprocessor
+build:windows_arm64 --copt=/DNOMINMAX
+build:windows_arm64 --host_copt=/DNOMINMAX
+build:windows_arm64 --copt=/DWIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+build:windows_arm64 --host_copt=/DWIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+build:windows_arm64 --copt=/DNOGDI
+# MSVC for ARM64 does not support __fp16 arithmetic
+build:windows_arm64 --define=xnn_enable_arm_fp16_scalar=false
+build:windows_arm64 --define=xnn_enable_arm_fp16_vector=false
+build:windows_arm64 --define=xnn_enable_arm_dotprod=false
+# MSVC for ARM64 does not support inline assembly
+build:windows_arm64 --define=xnn_enable_assembly=false
+# MSVC for ARM64 does not support SVE/SVE2 intrinsics. Disable SME/SME2 kernels.
+build:windows_arm64 --define=xnn_enable_arm_sme=false
+build:windows_arm64 --define=xnn_enable_arm_sme2=false
+# Disable TFLite XNNPACK delegate for Windows ARM64.
+build:windows_arm64 --define=tflite_with_xnnpack=false
+# Windows ARM64: Bazel exec config misses protobuf src include path; add
+# external/com_google_protobuf/src so "google/protobuf/..." headers resolve.
+build:windows_arm64 --host_copt=/Iexternal/com_google_protobuf/src
+build:windows_arm64 --copt=/Iexternal/com_google_protobuf/src
+# Exclude WinUser.h to avoid GDI macro conflicts (Rectangle, DrawText, etc.)
+# that clash with identifiers in these source files.
+build:windows_arm64 --per_file_copt=mediapipe/util/annotation_renderer\.cc@/DNOUSER
+build:windows_arm64 --per_file_copt=mediapipe/framework/tool/proto_util_lite\.cc@/DNOUSER
+build:windows_arm64 --per_file_copt=mediapipe/framework/tool/template_parser\.cc@/DNOUSER
+
 # macOS
 build:macos --cxxopt=-std=c++20
 build:macos --host_cxxopt=-std=c++20

WORKSPACE

@@ -147,6 +147,10 @@ http_archive(
 # gflags needed by glog
 http_archive(
     name = "com_github_gflags_gflags",
+    patch_args = ["-p1"],
+    patches = [
+        "@//third_party:com_github_gflags_gflags_windows_patch.diff",
+    ],
     sha256 = "19713a36c9f32b33df59d1c79b4958434cb005b5b47dc5400a7a4b078111d9b5",
     strip_prefix = "gflags-2.2.2",
     url = "https://github.com/gflags/gflags/archive/v2.2.2.zip",
@@ -278,6 +282,8 @@ http_archive(
 http_archive(
     name = "XNNPACK",
     # `curl -L <url> | shasum -a 256`
+    patch_args = ["-p1", "-l"],
+    patches = ["@//third_party:xnnpack_windows_arm64.diff"],
     sha256 = "7235b2b55fbf11b64f38db130efae0f293d2d6d6fd90613221b598a8847f41c5",
     strip_prefix = "XNNPACK-68167d1fefa50296f0588ec280f48c58357ca898",
     url = "https://github.com/google/XNNPACK/archive/68167d1fefa50296f0588ec280f48c58357ca898.zip",
@@ -325,6 +331,8 @@ http_archive(
 # 2025-09-08
 http_archive(
     name = "cpuinfo",
+    patch_args = ["-p1"],
+    patches = ["@//third_party:cpuinfo.diff"],
     sha256 = "c0254ce97f7abc778dd2df0aaca1e0506dba1cd514fdb9fe88c07849393f8ef4",
     strip_prefix = "cpuinfo-8a9210069b5a37dd89ed118a783945502a30a4ae",
     urls = [
@@ -336,6 +344,8 @@ http_archive(
 http_archive(
     name = "pthreadpool",
     # `curl -L <url> | shasum -a 256`
+    patch_args = ["-p1"],
+    patches = ["@//third_party:pthreadpool.diff"],
     sha256 = "d5a78b017839ee0474e6aef6e21742b03f641b260f29faf9538a0a6b8fae0704",
     strip_prefix = "pthreadpool-995229919303dd98c0f1b3b585b54527067ef893",
     urls = ["https://github.com/google/pthreadpool/archive/995229919303dd98c0f1b3b585b54527067ef893.zip"],
@@ -361,6 +371,8 @@ http_archive(
         # Works around Bazel issue with objc_library.
         # See https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/19912
         "@//third_party:org_tensorflow_objc_build_fixes.diff",
+        # Fix ICU build for Windows ARM64: add /utf-8 flag for arm64_windows CPU.
+        "@//third_party:org_tensorflow_icu_windows_arm64.diff",
     ],
     sha256 = _TENSORFLOW_SHA256,
     strip_prefix = "tensorflow-%s" % _TENSORFLOW_GIT_COMMIT,
@@ -552,6 +564,8 @@ http_archive(
 http_archive(
     name = "pffft",
     build_file = "@//third_party:pffft.BUILD",
+    patch_args = ["-p1"],
+    patches = ["@//third_party:pffft.diff"],
     strip_prefix = "jpommier-pffft-7c3b5a7dc510",
     urls = ["https://bitbucket.org/jpommier/pffft/get/7c3b5a7dc510.zip"],
 )
@@ -653,6 +667,12 @@ new_local_repository(
     path = "C:\\opencv\\build",
 )
 
+new_local_repository(
+    name = "windows_opencv_arm64",
+    build_file = "@//third_party:opencv_windows_arm64.BUILD",
+    path = "C:\\opencv\\build",
+)
+
 # protobuf requires @system_python in WORKSPACE
 new_local_repository(
     name = "system_python",
@@ -965,4 +985,4 @@ http_archive(
     sha256 = "d15ebab765d793e2e96db090f0e172d127859d78ca6f6391d7eafecfd894bbc0",
     strip_prefix = "curl-8.10.1",
     url = "https://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-8.10.1.tar.gz",
-)
+)

mediapipe/BUILD

@@ -186,6 +186,16 @@ config_setting_and_platform(
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
 
+# Windows ARM64.
+config_setting_and_platform(
+    name = "windows_arm64",
+    constraint_values = [
+        "@platforms//os:windows",
+        "@platforms//cpu:arm64",
+    ],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
 # Linux 64-bit.
 config_setting_and_platform(
     name = "linux",

mediapipe/framework/BUILD

@@ -1813,9 +1813,11 @@ cc_test(
     name = "packet_delete_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = ["packet_delete_test.cc"],
-    copts = [
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
+    # MSVC doesn't support -Werror
+    copts = select({
+        "@bazel_tools//src/conditions:windows": ["/WX"],
+        "//conditions:default": ["-Werror"],
+    }),
     linkstatic = 1,
     deps = [
         ":packet",

mediapipe/framework/api3/calculator_context.h

@@ -431,8 +431,8 @@ auto VisitPacketOrDie(F&& visitor, const mediapipe::Packet& packet) {
   return std::forward<F>(visitor)(packet.Get<T>());
 }
 
-template <typename T, typename U, typename... Rest, int&... DoNotSpecify,
-          typename F>
+//DoNotSpecify argument removed since it is not being referenced in the function definition nor in any call site
+template <typename T, typename U, typename... Rest, typename F>
 auto VisitPacketOrDie(F&& visitor, const mediapipe::Packet& packet) {
   if (packet.ValidateAsType<T>().ok()) {
     return std::forward<F>(visitor)(packet.Get<T>());
@@ -447,8 +447,8 @@ auto VisitPacketAsPacketOrDie(F&& visitor, const mediapipe::Packet& packet) {
   return std::forward<F>(visitor)(WrapLegacyPacket<T>(packet).value());
 }
 
-template <typename T, typename U, typename... Rest, int&... DoNotSpecify,
-          typename F>
+//DoNotSpecify argument removed since it is not being referenced in the function definition nor in any call site
+template <typename T, typename U, typename... Rest, typename F>
 auto VisitPacketAsPacketOrDie(F&& visitor, const mediapipe::Packet& packet) {
   if (packet.ValidateAsType<T>().ok()) {
     return std::forward<F>(visitor)(WrapLegacyPacket<T>(packet).value());

mediapipe/framework/api3/graph.h

@@ -107,6 +107,12 @@ class Graph;
 class GenericGraph;
 class FunctionGraphBuilder;
 
+// Forward declaration needed for MSVC to correctly resolve the template friend
+// declaration inside GenericGraph (avoids conflict with non-template
+// mediapipe::SubgraphContext from subgraph.h).
+template <typename NodeT>
+class SubgraphContext;
+
 // `GraphNode` is returned by `Graph<...>::AddNode<...>()` function.
 //
 // Common pattern to use it:
@@ -738,4 +744,4 @@ class Repeated<
 
 }  // namespace mediapipe::api3
 
-#endif  // MEDIAPIPE_FRAMEWORK_API3_GRAPH_H_
+#endif  // MEDIAPIPE_FRAMEWORK_API3_GRAPH_H_

mediapipe/framework/calculator_graph_test.cc

@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@
 
 #include "mediapipe/framework/calculator_graph.h"
 
+// pthread.h is not available on Windows
+#ifndef _WIN32
 #include <pthread.h>
+#endif
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -975,6 +978,8 @@ class OneShot20MsCalculator : public CalculatorBase {
 };
 REGISTER_CALCULATOR(OneShot20MsCalculator);
 
+// Excluded on Windows: pthread_self() and pthread_t are not available.
+#ifndef _WIN32
 // A source calculator that outputs a packet containing the return value of
 // pthread_self() (the pthread id of the current thread).
 class PthreadSelfSourceCalculator : public CalculatorBase {
@@ -991,6 +996,7 @@ class PthreadSelfSourceCalculator : public CalculatorBase {
   }
 };
 REGISTER_CALCULATOR(PthreadSelfSourceCalculator);
+#endif
 
 // A source calculator for testing the Calculator::InputTimestamp() method.
 // It outputs five int packets with timestamps 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
@@ -4364,6 +4370,8 @@ TEST(CalculatorGraph, NumThreadsAndNonDefaultExecutorConfig) {
 // "ApplicationThreadExecutor" is specified.  In this test
 // "ApplicationThreadExecutor" is specified in the ExecutorConfig for the
 // default executor.
+// Excluded on Windows: this test uses PthreadSelfSourceCalculator which is unavailable on Windows.
+#ifndef _WIN32
 TEST(CalculatorGraph, RunWithNumThreadsInExecutorConfig) {
   const struct {
     std::string executor_type;
@@ -4405,6 +4413,7 @@ TEST(CalculatorGraph, RunWithNumThreadsInExecutorConfig) {
         << "for case " << i;
   }
 }
+#endif
 
 TEST(CalculatorGraph, CalculatorGraphNotInitialized) {
   CalculatorGraph graph;

mediapipe/framework/calculator_node_test.cc

@@ -14,7 +14,12 @@
 
 #include "mediapipe/framework/calculator_node.h"
 
+//POSIX unistd.h is not available on Windows.
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#else
 #include <unistd.h>
+#endif
 
 #include <memory>
 
@@ -50,8 +55,13 @@ class CountCalculator : public CalculatorBase {
     ++num_open_;
     // Simulate doing nontrivial work to ensure that the time spent in the
     // method will register on streamz each time it is called.
-    usleep(100);
-    return absl::OkStatus();
+    // Windows has no usleep(); use Sleep(1ms) as equivalent delay.
+    #ifdef _WIN32
+      Sleep(1);
+    #else
+      usleep(100);
+    #endif
+      return absl::OkStatus();
   }
 
   absl::Status Process(CalculatorContext* cc) override {
@@ -65,16 +75,26 @@ class CountCalculator : public CalculatorBase {
                        .At(cc->InputTimestamp()));
     // Simulate doing nontrivial work to ensure that the time spent in the
     // method will register on streamz each time it is called.
-    usleep(100);
-    return absl::OkStatus();
+    // Windows has no usleep(); use Sleep(1ms) as equivalent delay.
+    #ifdef _WIN32
+      Sleep(1);
+    #else
+      usleep(100);
+    #endif
+      return absl::OkStatus();
   }
 
   absl::Status Close(CalculatorContext* cc) override {
     ++num_close_;
     // Simulate doing nontrivial work to ensure that the time spent in the
     // method will register on streamz each time it is called.
-    usleep(100);
-    return absl::OkStatus();
+    // Windows has no usleep(); use Sleep(1ms) as equivalent delay.
+    #ifdef _WIN32
+      Sleep(1);
+    #else
+      usleep(100);
+    #endif
+      return absl::OkStatus();
   }
 
   static int num_constructed_;

mediapipe/framework/deps/BUILD

@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ cc_library(
         "@com_google_absl//absl/strings",
     ] + select({
         "//mediapipe:windows": [],
+        "//mediapipe:windows_arm64": [],
         "//conditions:default": ["//mediapipe/framework/formats:unique_fd"],
     }),
 )
@@ -407,6 +408,7 @@ cc_library(
     name = "threadpool",
     srcs = select({
         "//mediapipe:windows": ["threadpool_std_thread_impl.cc"],
+        "//mediapipe:windows_arm64": ["threadpool_std_thread_impl.cc"],
         "//conditions:default": ["threadpool_pthread_impl.cc"],
     }),
     hdrs = ["threadpool.h"],
@@ -549,4 +551,4 @@ cc_library(
     name = "compile_time_string",
     hdrs = ["compile_time_string.h"],
     deps = ["@com_google_absl//absl/strings:string_view"],
-)
+)

mediapipe/framework/graph_service_test.cc

@@ -309,7 +309,8 @@ TEST(ServiceBindingTest, CrashesWhenGettingNullServiceObject) {
         ServiceBinding<TestServiceData> binding(nullptr);
         (void)binding.GetObject();
       },
-      testing::ContainsRegex("Check failed: [a-z_]* Service is unavailable"));
+      // MSVC regex engine misparses the underscore pattern here. Use exact string match instead.
+      "Check failed: service_ Service is unavailable.");
 }
 
 TEST(ServiceBindingTest, IsAvailableReturnsFalsOnNullServiceObject) {

mediapipe/framework/legacy_calculator_support.h

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class LegacyCalculatorSupport {
     //
     // ABSL_CONST_INIT triggers b/155992786 with some versions of Clang on Apple
     // platforms.
-#ifndef __APPLE__
+#if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
     ABSL_CONST_INIT
 #endif                                // !__APPLE__
     static thread_local C* current_;  // NOLINT