Add support for NodeToClientV_24 and transaction validate integration tests

[palas]

Description

Adds support for the new NodeToClientV_24 protocol version and comprehensive integration tests for the transaction validate CLI command.

Part of IntersectMBO/cardano-cli#1380.

Big picture: transaction validate currently applies applyTx client-side with an empty UTxO set, making it unable to properly validate transactions. This cross-repo change adds a new ValidateTx query to the LocalStateQuery protocol so the node validates transactions against its real ledger state and UTxO set.

transaction validate PR list:

• [ouroboros-network] Add NodeToClientV_24 for ValidateTx query ouroboros-network#5377
• [ouroboros-consensus] Implement ValidateTx query for LocalStateQuery protocol ouroboros-consensus#2052
• [cardano-api] Implement server-side transaction validation via LocalStateQuery cardano-api#1228
• [cardano-cli] Implement transaction validate command cardano-cli#1386
• [cardano-node] (this PR)

What this PR does

• Adds NodeToClientV_24 -> 24 to nodeToClientVersionToInt in startup tracers
• Adds ShelleyNodeToClientVersion16 to the ToJSON orphan instance in OrphanInstances.Shelley
• Adds integration tests (hprop_transaction_validate and hprop_transaction_validate_all_errors) in cardano-testnet covering:
  • Valid transactions: simple ADA transfer and Plutus V3 script execution
  • Phase-1 errors: fee too low, value not conserved, missing witnesses, missing script witnesses, no collateral for Plutus txs, max tx size exceeded
  • Phase-2 errors: Plutus script evaluation failure
  • Multi-error: transactions triggering multiple simultaneous validation failures
  • All tests compare output against golden files
• Adds SRP stanzas (via stanzaman) for ouroboros-consensus, ouroboros-network, cardano-api, and cardano-cli

Checklist

• Commit sequence broadly makes sense and commits have useful messages
• New tests are added if needed and existing tests are updated. These may include:
  • golden tests
  • property tests
  • roundtrip tests
  • integration tests
    See Running tests for more details
• Any changes are noted in the CHANGELOG.md for affected package
• The version bounds in .cabal files are updated
• CI passes. See note on CI. The following CI checks are required:
  • Code is linted with hlint. See .github/workflows/check-hlint.yml to get the hlint version
  • Code is formatted with stylish-haskell. See .github/workflows/stylish-haskell.yml to get the stylish-haskell version
  • Code builds on Linux, MacOS and Windows for ghc-9.6 and ghc-9.12
• Self-reviewed the diff