feat(telemetry): add CLI activation funnel events

[Gradata]

Summary

• add PostHog capture payloads for cli_install, first_rule_graduated, and rule_injected
• include distinct_id/user_id, brain_id, agent_type, cli_version, nullable experiment_id/cohort, rule metadata, and install timing
• wire events into CLI init/install, rule graduation, SDK recall, and hook injection paths with opt-in + graceful fire-and-forget behavior

Verification

• python3 -m pytest tests/test_telemetry.py -q
• env -u BRAIN_DIR -u GRADATA_BRAIN python3 -m pytest tests/test_cli.py tests/test_cli_install_agent.py tests/test_jit_inject.py tests/test_rule_graduated_events.py tests/test_import_integrity.py -q
• ruff check changed source/test files

Paperclip: 2d5e11b2-5e31-4b69-a4b4-4106f0e2feda / GRA-2031

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ℹ️ Review info

⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Organization UI

Review profile: ASSERTIVE

Plan: Pro

Run ID: 024343b3-6812-4cf5-967c-a17dffe50c53

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 8bf23a5 and a1a326c.

📒 Files selected for processing (7)

• Gradata/src/gradata/_telemetry.py
• Gradata/src/gradata/brain.py
• Gradata/src/gradata/cli.py
• Gradata/src/gradata/enhancements/self_improvement/_graduation.py
• Gradata/src/gradata/hooks/inject_brain_rules.py
• Gradata/src/gradata/hooks/jit_inject.py
• Gradata/tests/test_telemetry.py

✨ Finishing Touches

🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)

• Create PR with unit tests
• Commit unit tests in branch gra-2031-cli-telemetry

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