diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/css-code-split.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/css-code-split.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09dbe4842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/css-code-split.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test'
+import { setupInlineFixture, useFixture } from './fixture'
+import { defineStarterTest } from './starter'
+
+test.describe('cssCodeSplit-false', () => {
+  const root = 'examples/e2e/temp/cssCodeSplit-false'
+
+  test.beforeAll(async () => {
+    await setupInlineFixture({
+      src: 'examples/starter',
+      dest: root,
+      files: {
+        'vite.config.base.ts': { cp: 'vite.config.ts' },
+        'vite.config.ts': /* js */ `
+          import { defineConfig, mergeConfig } from 'vite'
+          import baseConfig from './vite.config.base.ts'
+
+          const overrideConfig = defineConfig({
+            build: {
+              cssCodeSplit: false,
+            },
+          })
+
+          export default mergeConfig(baseConfig, overrideConfig)
+        `,
+        // test server css module too
+        // (starter example already tests normal server css)
+        'src/server-only.module.css': /* css */ `
+          .serverOnly {
+            color: rgb(123, 45, 67);
+          }
+        `,
+        'src/server-only.tsx': /* js */ `
+          import styles from './server-only.module.css'
+          export function ServerOnly() {
+            return (
+              <button data-testid="server-only" className={styles.serverOnly}>
+                server-only
+              </button>
+            )
+          }
+        `,
+        'src/root.tsx': {
+          edit: (s) =>
+            s
+              .replace(
+                `import { ClientCounter } from './client.tsx'`,
+                `import { ClientCounter } from './client.tsx';
+                 import { ServerOnly } from './server-only.tsx'`,
+              )
+              .replace(`<ClientCounter />`, `<ClientCounter /><ServerOnly />`),
+        },
+      },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test.describe('build', () => {
+    const f = useFixture({ root, mode: 'build' })
+    defineStarterTest(f)
+
+    test('server css module', async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.goto(f.url())
+      await expect(page.getByTestId('server-only')).toHaveCSS(
+        'color',
+        'rgb(123, 45, 67)',
+      )
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts
index 9141febba..ba546297a 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts
@@ -1032,6 +1032,21 @@ export function createRpcClient(params) {
         },
       },
     },
+    {
+      // keep track of build output for each environment build to generate
+      // assets manaifest and environment imports manifest.
+      // use `order: "post"` to include all chunks/assets
+      // generated by other plugins
+      // (e.g. `styles.css` generated by `vite:css-post` when `cssCodeSplit: false`).
+      // https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/a19003516951a3710aab0f2646d78c48b2e5d2ad/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts#L1040
+      name: 'rsc:virtual:vite-rsc/track-bundles',
+      generateBundle: {
+        order: 'post',
+        handler(_options, bundle) {
+          manager.bundles[this.environment.name] = bundle
+        },
+      },
+    },
     {
       name: 'rsc:virtual:vite-rsc/assets-manifest',
       resolveId: {
@@ -1067,10 +1082,31 @@ export function createRpcClient(params) {
       // client build
       generateBundle(_options, bundle) {
         // copy assets from rsc build to client build
-        manager.bundles[this.environment.name] = bundle
-
         if (this.environment.name === 'client') {
           const rscBundle = manager.bundles['rsc']!
+
+          // when css code split is disabled, treat vite's single css bundle `style.css`
+          // as dependency of all server chunks
+          if (!manager.config.environments.rsc!.build.cssCodeSplit) {
+            let cssBundleName: string | undefined
+            for (const output of Object.values(rscBundle)) {
+              if (
+                output.type === 'asset' &&
+                output.names.includes('style.css')
+              ) {
+                cssBundleName = output.fileName
+                break
+              }
+            }
+            if (cssBundleName) {
+              for (const output of Object.values(rscBundle)) {
+                if (output.type === 'chunk') {
+                  output.viteMetadata!.importedCss.add(cssBundleName)
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
           const assets = new Set(
             Object.values(rscBundle).flatMap((output) =>
               output.type === 'chunk'
@@ -1092,7 +1128,7 @@ export function createRpcClient(params) {
           }
 
           const serverResources: Record<string, AssetDeps> = {}
-          const rscAssetDeps = collectAssetDeps(manager.bundles['rsc']!)
+          const rscAssetDeps = collectAssetDeps(rscBundle)
           for (const [id, meta] of Object.entries(
             manager.serverResourcesMetaMap,
           )) {