diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c831196a..d165a472 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -16,17 +16,15 @@ jobs:
     env:
       CI: 1
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - name: Set up uv
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        sudo apt install -y pandoc
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install . --group test
-        pip freeze
+    - name: Install pandoc
+      run: sudo apt install -y pandoc
+    - name: Install
+      run: make install
     - name: Run test
       run: make test
 
@@ -41,18 +39,13 @@ jobs:
       CI: 1
       FUNSOR_BACKEND: torch
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - name: Set up uv
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        # TODO: remove once pyro-ppl releases the Uniform arg_constraints fix
-        # (https://github.com/pyro-ppl/pyro/pull/3453).
-        pip install .[torch] --group test "torch<=2.6"
-        pip freeze
+    - name: Install
+      run: make install
     - name: Run test
       run: make test
 
@@ -67,17 +60,12 @@ jobs:
       CI: 1
       FUNSOR_BACKEND: jax
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - name: Set up uv
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        # TODO: remove once a NumPyro release fully supports jax>=0.10
-        # (temporary pin from https://github.com/pyro-ppl/funsor/pull/611).
-        pip install .[jax] --group test "jax<0.10"
-        pip freeze
+    - name: Install
+      run: make install
     - name: Run test
       run: make test
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 096b0504..6171d485 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ celerybeat-schedule
 venv/
 ENV/
 
+# uv lockfile is intentionally untracked for this library
+uv.lock
+
 # IDE settings
 .spyderproject
 .idea
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 44c0ba24..845adb24 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -3,62 +3,67 @@
 all: docs test
 
 install:
-	pip install -e . --group dev
+	uv sync
 
 docs: FORCE
+	uv sync --group docs --no-default-groups --inexact
 	mkdir -p docs/source/_static
-	$(MAKE) -C docs html
+	$(MAKE) -C docs html SPHINXBUILD="uv run --no-sync sphinx-build"
 
 lint: FORCE
-	ruff check --fix .
-	python scripts/update_headers.py --check
-	python test/test_import.py
+	uv run ruff check --fix .
 
 license: FORCE
-	python scripts/update_headers.py
+	uv run python scripts/update_headers.py
 
 format: license FORCE
-	ruff format .
+	uv run ruff format .
 
-test: lint FORCE
+test: FORCE
+	uv run ruff check .
+	uv run ruff format --check .
+	uv run python scripts/update_headers.py --check
+	uv run python test/test_import.py
 ifeq (${FUNSOR_BACKEND}, torch)
-	pytest -v -n auto test/
-	FUNSOR_DEBUG=1 pytest -v test/test_gaussian.py
-	FUNSOR_PROFILE=99 pytest -v test/test_einsum.py
-	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 pytest -v test/test_terms.py
-	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 pytest -v test/test_einsum.py
-	python examples/adam.py -n 2
-	python examples/discrete_hmm.py -n 2
-	python examples/discrete_hmm.py -n 2 -t 50 --lazy
-	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 python examples/discrete_hmm.py -n 1 -t 50 --lazy
-	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 python examples/discrete_hmm.py -n 1 -t 500 --lazy
-	python examples/forward_backward.py -t 3
-	python examples/kalman_filter.py -n 2
-	python examples/kalman_filter.py -n 2 -t 50 --lazy
-	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 python examples/kalman_filter.py -n 1 -t 50 --lazy
-	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 python examples/kalman_filter.py -n 1 -t 500 --lazy
-	python examples/minipyro.py
-	python examples/minipyro.py --jit
-	python examples/slds.py -n 2 -t 50
-	python examples/pcfg.py --size 3
-	python examples/talbot.py -n 2
-	python examples/vae.py --smoke-test
-	python examples/eeg_slds.py --num-steps 2 --fon --test
-	python examples/mixed_hmm/experiment.py -d seal -i discrete -g discrete -zi --smoke
-	python examples/mixed_hmm/experiment.py -d seal -i discrete -g discrete -zi --parallel --smoke
-	python examples/sensor.py --seed=0 --num-frames=2 -n 1
-	python examples/adam.py --num-steps=21
+	uv sync --extra torch --inexact
+	uv run pytest -v -n auto test/
+	FUNSOR_DEBUG=1 uv run pytest -v test/test_gaussian.py
+	FUNSOR_PROFILE=99 uv run pytest -v test/test_einsum.py
+	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 uv run pytest -v test/test_terms.py
+	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 uv run pytest -v test/test_einsum.py
+	uv run python examples/adam.py -n 2
+	uv run python examples/discrete_hmm.py -n 2
+	uv run python examples/discrete_hmm.py -n 2 -t 50 --lazy
+	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 uv run python examples/discrete_hmm.py -n 1 -t 50 --lazy
+	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 uv run python examples/discrete_hmm.py -n 1 -t 500 --lazy
+	uv run python examples/forward_backward.py -t 3
+	uv run python examples/kalman_filter.py -n 2
+	uv run python examples/kalman_filter.py -n 2 -t 50 --lazy
+	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 uv run python examples/kalman_filter.py -n 1 -t 50 --lazy
+	FUNSOR_USE_TCO=1 uv run python examples/kalman_filter.py -n 1 -t 500 --lazy
+	uv run python examples/minipyro.py
+	uv run python examples/minipyro.py --jit
+	uv run python examples/slds.py -n 2 -t 50
+	uv run python examples/pcfg.py --size 3
+	uv run python examples/talbot.py -n 2
+	uv run python examples/vae.py --smoke-test
+	uv run python examples/eeg_slds.py --num-steps 2 --fon --test
+	uv run python examples/mixed_hmm/experiment.py -d seal -i discrete -g discrete -zi --smoke
+	uv run python examples/mixed_hmm/experiment.py -d seal -i discrete -g discrete -zi --parallel --smoke
+	uv run python examples/sensor.py --seed=0 --num-frames=2 -n 1
+	uv run python examples/adam.py --num-steps=21
 	@echo PASS
 else ifeq (${FUNSOR_BACKEND}, jax)
-	pytest -v -n auto --ignore=test/examples --ignore=test/pyro --ignore=test/pyroapi \
+	uv sync --extra jax --inexact
+	uv run pytest -v -n auto --ignore=test/examples --ignore=test/pyro --ignore=test/pyroapi \
 		--ignore=test/test_distribution.py --ignore=test/test_distribution_generic.py \
 		--ignore=test/torch
-	pytest -v -n auto test/test_distribution.py
-	pytest -v -n auto test/test_distribution_generic.py
+	uv run pytest -v -n auto test/test_distribution.py
+	uv run pytest -v -n auto test/test_distribution_generic.py
 	@echo PASS
 else
-	# default backend
-	pytest -v -n auto --ignore=test/examples --ignore=test/pyro \
+	# default backend; requires prior `make install` (or equivalent uv sync)
+	uv run pytest -v -n auto --ignore=test/examples --ignore=test/pyro \
 		--ignore=test/pyroapi --ignore=test/torch
 	@echo PASS
 endif
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 30d33a7a..fdd4197e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -28,6 +28,30 @@ git checkout master
 pip install .
 ```
 
+**Install using uv:**
+
+From PyPI:
+
+```sh
+uv add funsor
+```
+
+From source (installs the project and the default `dev` dependency group):
+
+```sh
+git clone git@github.com:pyro-ppl/funsor.git
+cd funsor
+git checkout master
+make install   # or: uv sync
+```
+
+Optional backends:
+
+```sh
+uv sync --extra torch --inexact
+uv sync --extra jax --inexact
+```
+
 ## Using funsor
 
 Funsor can be used through a number of interfaces:
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 104d3801..e453fa30 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jax = [
 ]
 
 [dependency-groups]
-test = [
+dev = [
     "pandas",
     "pyro-api>=0.1.2",
     "pytest>=7",
@@ -63,10 +63,6 @@ docs = [
     "sphinx-gallery",
     "sphinx_rtd_theme",
 ]
-dev = [
-    { include-group = "test" },
-    { include-group = "docs" },
-]
 
 [project.urls]
 Homepage = "https://github.com/pyro-ppl/funsor"
@@ -106,6 +102,17 @@ known-first-party = ["funsor", "test"]
 [tool.ruff.lint.pycodestyle]
 max-line-length = 120
 
+[tool.uv]
+# Temporary CI/local sync constraints (not published package metadata).
+constraint-dependencies = [
+    # TODO: remove once pyro-ppl releases the Uniform arg_constraints fix
+    # (https://github.com/pyro-ppl/pyro/pull/3453).
+    "torch<=2.6",
+    # TODO: remove once a NumPyro release fully supports jax>=0.10
+    # (temporary pin from https://github.com/pyro-ppl/funsor/pull/611).
+    "jax<0.10",
+]
+
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 filterwarnings = [
     "error",