diff --git a/src/js/node/child_process.ts b/src/js/node/child_process.ts
index 4f6e056aade..1d53f076bff 100644
--- a/src/js/node/child_process.ts
+++ b/src/js/node/child_process.ts
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ function spawnSync(file, args, options) {
       // Bun.spawn() expects cmd[0] to be the command to run, and argv0 to replace the first arg when running the command,
       // so we have to set argv0 to spawnargs[0] and cmd[0] to file
       cmd: [options.file, ...Array.prototype.slice.$call(options.args, 1)],
-      env: options.env || undefined,
+      env: options[kBunEnv] || undefined,
       cwd: options.cwd || undefined,
       stdio: bunStdio,
       windowsVerbatimArguments: options.windowsVerbatimArguments,
@@ -991,7 +991,15 @@ function normalizeSpawnArguments(file, args, options) {
     if (value !== undefined) {
       validateArgumentNullCheck(key, `options.env['${key}']`);
       validateArgumentNullCheck(value, `options.env['${key}']`);
-      bunEnv[key] = value;
+      // On Windows, env keys are case-insensitive but `process.env` iterates
+      // with the OS's canonical casing (e.g. "Path"). Bun.spawnSync's PATH
+      // lookup for argv[0] does a case-sensitive match on "PATH", so rename
+      // the PATH entry here to keep command resolution working.
+      if (process.platform === "win32" && StringPrototypeToUpperCase.$call(key) === "PATH") {
+        bunEnv["PATH"] = value;
+      } else {
+        bunEnv[key] = value;
+      }
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/test/regression/issue/29237.test.ts b/test/regression/issue/29237.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fcf400912f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/regression/issue/29237.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Regression test for https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/issues/29237
+// child_process sync variants (execFileSync, spawnSync, execSync) must
+// resolve commands using the *current* process.env.PATH when options.env
+// is omitted — not a stale snapshot captured at Bun startup.
+
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { bunEnv, bunExe, isWindows, tempDir } from "harness";
+import { chmodSync } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+test.skipIf(isWindows)("execFileSync/spawnSync/execSync honor runtime mutations to process.env.PATH", async () => {
+  using dir = tempDir("issue-29237", {
+    // Fake `marker` binary — whichever PATH entry wins gets called.
+    "fake/marker": '#!/bin/sh\necho "FAKE_CALLED"\n',
+    "fixture.js": `
+        const { execFileSync, spawnSync, execSync } = require("node:child_process");
+        const path = require("node:path");
+
+        // Prepend our fake-binary dir to PATH at runtime.
+        const fakeDir = path.join(__dirname, "fake");
+        process.env.PATH = fakeDir + path.delimiter + process.env.PATH;
+
+        // 1. execFileSync without explicit env — must use mutated PATH.
+        const a = execFileSync("marker", { encoding: "utf8" }).trim();
+        console.log("execFileSync:", a);
+
+        // 2. spawnSync without explicit env.
+        const b = spawnSync("marker", [], { encoding: "utf8" });
+        console.log("spawnSync:", (b.stdout || "").trim());
+
+        // 3. execSync without explicit env.
+        const c = execSync("marker", { encoding: "utf8" }).trim();
+        console.log("execSync:", c);
+
+        // 4. execFileSync *with* explicit env — sanity check, already worked.
+        const d = execFileSync("marker", { encoding: "utf8", env: process.env }).trim();
+        console.log("execFileSync+env:", d);
+      `,
+  });
+
+  // chmod the fake binary so it's executable — tempDir writes 0644 by default.
+  chmodSync(path.join(String(dir), "fake", "marker"), 0o755);
+
+  await using proc = Bun.spawn({
+    cmd: [bunExe(), "fixture.js"],
+    env: bunEnv,
+    cwd: String(dir),
+    stderr: "pipe",
+  });
+
+  const [stdout, stderr, exitCode] = await Promise.all([proc.stdout.text(), proc.stderr.text(), proc.exited]);
+
+  // Surface any subprocess stderr on assertion failure for diagnosis.
+  if (exitCode !== 0) console.error("fixture stderr:", stderr);
+
+  // Assert stdout first for better failure messages, then exit code.
+  expect(stdout).toBe(
+    "execFileSync: FAKE_CALLED\n" +
+      "spawnSync: FAKE_CALLED\n" +
+      "execSync: FAKE_CALLED\n" +
+      "execFileSync+env: FAKE_CALLED\n",
+  );
+  expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+});