diff --git a/.pkg b/.pkg
index 67b285264..16c0b3965 100644
--- a/.pkg
+++ b/.pkg
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 [cista]
   url=git@github.com:felixguendling/cista.git
   branch=master
-  commit=1fb6f1d9bb8ac9fdb4ca648df69695dd819dc07e
+  commit=f51e3e9251ce9df6e8c2617e3c5ed21a0ba18221
 [geo]
   url=git@github.com:motis-project/geo.git
   branch=master
diff --git a/.pkg.lock b/.pkg.lock
index 03f4c85ac..3251c340d 100644
--- a/.pkg.lock
+++ b/.pkg.lock
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-11896755751842712608
-cista 1fb6f1d9bb8ac9fdb4ca648df69695dd819dc07e
+16540055415631783859
+cista f51e3e9251ce9df6e8c2617e3c5ed21a0ba18221
 PEGTL 0d37dcf8f02c12a84fdf521973801a5baab78e8f
 res b759b93316afeb529b6cb5b2548b24c41e382fb0
 date ce88cc33b5551f66655614eeebb7c5b7189025fb
diff --git a/include/nigiri/loader/permutate_locations.h b/include/nigiri/loader/permutate_locations.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41ea7b0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nigiri/loader/permutate_locations.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nigiri {
+
+struct timetable;
+
+void permutate_locations(timetable&);
+
+}  // namespace nigiri
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/nigiri/logging.h b/include/nigiri/logging.h
index 67e28ee10..e8d8edfca 100644
--- a/include/nigiri/logging.h
+++ b/include/nigiri/logging.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ static log_lvl s_verbosity;
 inline std::string now() {
   using clock = std::chrono::system_clock;
   auto const now = clock::to_time_t(clock::now());
-  struct tm tmp{};
+  struct tm tmp {};
 #if _MSC_VER >= 1400
   gmtime_s(&tmp, &now);
 #else
diff --git a/include/nigiri/special_stations.h b/include/nigiri/special_stations.h
index 739b45f7d..376df447f 100644
--- a/include/nigiri/special_stations.h
+++ b/include/nigiri/special_stations.h
@@ -17,17 +17,16 @@ enum class special_station : location_idx_t::value_t {
   kSpecialStationsSize
 };
 
+constexpr auto const kNSpecialStations =
+    static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<special_station>>(
+        special_station::kSpecialStationsSize);
+
 constexpr bool is_special(location_idx_t const l) {
-  constexpr auto const max =
-      static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<special_station>>(
-          special_station::kSpecialStationsSize);
-  return to_idx(l) < max;
+  return to_idx(l) < kNSpecialStations;
 }
 
 constexpr auto const special_stations_names =
-    cista::array<std::string_view,
-                 static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<special_station>>(
-                     special_station::kSpecialStationsSize)>{
+    cista::array<std::string_view, kNSpecialStations>{
         "START", "END", "VIA0", "VIA1", "VIA2", "VIA3", "VIA4", "VIA5", "VIA6"};
 
 constexpr location_idx_t get_special_station(special_station const x) {
diff --git a/include/nigiri/timetable.h b/include/nigiri/timetable.h
index 910f07252..e8210f74d 100644
--- a/include/nigiri/timetable.h
+++ b/include/nigiri/timetable.h
@@ -27,6 +27,14 @@
 
 namespace nigiri {
 
+// Warning: for better data locality, locations will be reordered in a way that
+// locations with no traffic (not served by any route) are at the end (high
+// index) while locations with traffic will be at the start (low index).
+// This means that every added data field that (directly or indirectly)
+// references location_idx_t has to be handled in permutate_locations.cc
+// Don't forget to add handling to permutate_locations.cc when adding new fields
+// that either use location_idx_t as index (permutate) or as value
+// (re-reference).
 struct timetable {
   struct locations {
     timezone_idx_t register_timezone(timezone tz) {
@@ -121,10 +129,10 @@ struct timetable {
     vector_map<location_idx_t, location_type> types_;
     vector_map<location_idx_t, location_idx_t> parents_;
     vector_map<location_idx_t, timezone_idx_t> location_timezones_;
-    mutable_fws_multimap<location_idx_t, location_idx_t> equivalences_;
-    mutable_fws_multimap<location_idx_t, location_idx_t> children_;
-    mutable_fws_multimap<location_idx_t, footpath> preprocessing_footpaths_out_;
-    mutable_fws_multimap<location_idx_t, footpath> preprocessing_footpaths_in_;
+    paged_vecvec<location_idx_t, location_idx_t> equivalences_;
+    paged_vecvec<location_idx_t, location_idx_t> children_;
+    paged_vecvec<location_idx_t, footpath> preprocessing_footpaths_out_;
+    paged_vecvec<location_idx_t, footpath> preprocessing_footpaths_in_;
     array<vecvec<location_idx_t, footpath>, kNProfiles> footpaths_out_;
     array<vecvec<location_idx_t, footpath>, kNProfiles> footpaths_in_;
     vector_map<timezone_idx_t, timezone> timezones_;
diff --git a/src/loader/build_footpaths.cc b/src/loader/build_footpaths.cc
index cb47f4b1e..17e076f8c 100644
--- a/src/loader/build_footpaths.cc
+++ b/src/loader/build_footpaths.cc
@@ -207,11 +207,9 @@ void connect_components(timetable& tt,
   utl::sort(assignments);
 
   tt.locations_.preprocessing_footpaths_out_.clear();
-  tt.locations_.preprocessing_footpaths_out_[location_idx_t{
-      tt.locations_.src_.size() - 1}];
+  tt.locations_.preprocessing_footpaths_out_.resize(tt.n_locations());
   tt.locations_.preprocessing_footpaths_in_.clear();
-  tt.locations_.preprocessing_footpaths_in_[location_idx_t{
-      tt.locations_.src_.size() - 1}];
+  tt.locations_.preprocessing_footpaths_in_.resize(tt.n_locations());
 
   auto tmp_graph = cista::raw::mutable_fws_multimap<location_idx_t, footpath>{};
   auto components = std::vector<component>{};
diff --git a/src/loader/hrd/service/service.cc b/src/loader/hrd/service/service.cc
index ee5eb47e0..b329a0cf5 100644
--- a/src/loader/hrd/service/service.cc
+++ b/src/loader/hrd/service/service.cc
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ void parse_range(std::vector<utl::cstr> const& spec_lines,
                  std::vector<service::stop> const& stops,
                  std::vector<service::section>& sections,
                  service::section& begin_to_end,
-                 TargetInformationType service::section::* member,
+                 TargetInformationType service::section::*member,
                  TargetInformationParserFun parse_target_info) {
   compute_ranges(spec_lines, stops, parse_info, [&](auto const& r) {
     TargetInformationType target_info = parse_target_info(r.first, r.second);
@@ -156,14 +156,14 @@ void parse_range(std::vector<utl::cstr> const& spec_lines,
 }
 
 template <typename TargetInformationType, typename TargetInformationParserFun>
-void parse_range(std::vector<utl::cstr> const& spec_lines,
-                 range_parse_information const& parse_info,
-                 std::vector<service::stop> const& stops,
-                 std::vector<service::section>& sections,
-                 service::section& begin_to_end,
-                 std::optional<std::vector<TargetInformationType>>
-                     service::section::* member,
-                 TargetInformationParserFun parse_target_info) {
+void parse_range(
+    std::vector<utl::cstr> const& spec_lines,
+    range_parse_information const& parse_info,
+    std::vector<service::stop> const& stops,
+    std::vector<service::section>& sections,
+    service::section& begin_to_end,
+    std::optional<std::vector<TargetInformationType>> service::section::*member,
+    TargetInformationParserFun parse_target_info) {
   compute_ranges(spec_lines, stops, parse_info, [&](auto const& r) {
     TargetInformationType target_info = parse_target_info(r.first, r.second);
 
diff --git a/src/loader/init_finish.cc b/src/loader/init_finish.cc
index 7ded1ad60..6f86d283d 100644
--- a/src/loader/init_finish.cc
+++ b/src/loader/init_finish.cc
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "nigiri/loader/build_footpaths.h"
 #include "nigiri/loader/build_lb_graph.h"
+#include "nigiri/loader/permutate_locations.h"
 #include "nigiri/flex.h"
 #include "nigiri/special_stations.h"
 #include "nigiri/timetable.h"
@@ -129,6 +130,8 @@ void finalize(timetable& tt, finalize_options const opt) {
                  tt.strings_.get(tt.providers_[b].short_name_);
         });
   }
+
+  permutate_locations(tt);
   build_footpaths(tt, opt);
   build_lb_graph<direction::kForward>(tt, kDefaultProfile);
   build_lb_graph<direction::kBackward>(tt, kDefaultProfile);
diff --git a/src/loader/permutate_locations.cc b/src/loader/permutate_locations.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ec1a217b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/loader/permutate_locations.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#include "nigiri/loader/permutate_locations.h"
+
+#include "nigiri/special_stations.h"
+#include "nigiri/timetable.h"
+
+namespace nigiri {
+
+template <typename T>
+concept Collection = requires(T& x) {
+  x.begin();
+  x.end();
+};
+
+using permutation_t = vector_map<location_idx_t, location_idx_t>;
+
+void update_refs(permutation_t const& p, location_idx_t& l) {
+  l = l == location_idx_t::invalid() ? l : p[l];
+}
+
+void update_refs(permutation_t const& p,
+                 vecvec<route_idx_t, stop::value_type>::bucket& seq) {
+  for (auto& s : seq) {
+    auto old = stop{s};
+    s = stop{p[old.location_idx()], old.in_allowed(), old.out_allowed(),
+             old.in_allowed_wheelchair(), old.out_allowed_wheelchair()}
+            .value();
+  }
+}
+
+void update_refs(permutation_t const& p, footpath& fp) {
+  fp = footpath{p[fp.target()], fp.duration()};
+}
+
+template <Collection T>
+void update_refs(permutation_t const& p, T& c) {
+  if (c.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (auto it = begin(c); it != end(c); ++it) {
+    if constexpr (std::is_reference_v<decltype(*it)>) {
+      update_refs(p, *it);
+    } else {
+      update_refs(p, it);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void update_refs(permutation_t const& p,
+                 hash_map<location_id, location_idx_t>& map) {
+  for (auto& it : map) {
+    update_refs(p, it.second);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Vec>
+void permutate(permutation_t const& p, Vec& vec) {
+  auto copy = Vec{};
+  for (auto i = location_idx_t{0U}; i != vec.size(); ++i) {
+    copy.emplace_back(vec[p[i]]);
+  }
+  vec = copy;
+}
+
+std::pair<permutation_t, permutation_t> get_permutation(timetable const& tt) {
+  if (tt.n_locations() == 0U) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  auto ret = std::pair<permutation_t, permutation_t>{};
+  auto& [p, r] = ret;
+
+  p.resize(tt.n_locations());
+  std::generate(begin(p), end(p),
+                [l = location_idx_t{0U}]() mutable { return l++; });
+  auto const first_idx =
+      tt.n_locations() >= kNSpecialStations &&
+              tt.locations_.names_.at(location_idx_t{0U}).view() ==
+                  special_stations_names[0]
+          ? kNSpecialStations
+          : 0U;
+  std::stable_sort(begin(p) + first_idx, end(p),
+                   [&](location_idx_t const a, location_idx_t const b) {
+                     return !tt.location_routes_[a].empty() &&
+                            tt.location_routes_[b].empty();
+                   });
+
+  r.resize(tt.n_locations());
+  for (auto i = location_idx_t{0U}; i != tt.n_locations(); ++i) {
+    r[p[i]] = i;
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void permutate_locations(timetable& tt) {
+  for (auto i = 0U; i != kNProfiles; ++i) {
+    assert(tt.locations_.footpaths_out_[i].empty());
+    assert(tt.locations_.footpaths_in_[i].empty());
+    assert(tt.fwd_search_lb_graph_[i].empty());
+    assert(tt.bwd_search_lb_graph_[i].empty());
+  }
+  assert(tt.locations_.rtree_.nodes_.empty());
+
+  auto const [p, r] = get_permutation(tt);
+
+  auto& locations = tt.locations_;
+  permutate(p, tt.location_areas_);
+  permutate(p, tt.location_routes_);
+  permutate(p, tt.location_location_groups_);
+  permutate(p, locations.names_);
+  permutate(p, locations.descriptions_);
+  permutate(p, locations.ids_);
+  permutate(p, locations.coordinates_);
+  permutate(p, locations.src_);
+  permutate(p, locations.transfer_time_);
+  permutate(p, locations.types_);
+  permutate(p, locations.parents_);
+  permutate(p, locations.location_timezones_);
+  permutate(p, locations.equivalences_);
+  permutate(p, locations.children_);
+  permutate(p, locations.preprocessing_footpaths_out_);
+  permutate(p, locations.preprocessing_footpaths_in_);
+  permutate(p, locations.location_importance_);
+
+  update_refs(r, tt.route_location_seq_);
+  update_refs(r, tt.location_group_locations_);
+  update_refs(r, tt.flex_area_locations_);
+  update_refs(r, locations.preprocessing_footpaths_out_);
+  update_refs(r, locations.preprocessing_footpaths_in_);
+  update_refs(r, locations.equivalences_);
+  update_refs(r, locations.parents_);
+  update_refs(r, locations.children_);
+  update_refs(r, locations.location_id_to_idx_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace nigiri
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/routing/dijkstra_test.cc b/test/routing/dijkstra_test.cc
index 16379bc32..59c9068ac 100644
--- a/test/routing/dijkstra_test.cc
+++ b/test/routing/dijkstra_test.cc
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ TEST(routing, dijkstra) {
   finalize(tt);
 
   auto const d1_l = tt.locations_.location_id_to_idx_.at({"D1", src});
+  EXPECT_EQ("D1", (location{tt, d1_l}.name_));
   auto const q_d1_c2 = query{
       .start_time_ = unixtime_t{sys_days{2024_y / June / 8} + 7_hours},
       .start_match_mode_ = location_match_mode::kExact,