diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 12f38458..669d4d81 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -612,6 +612,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "crc",
  "funty",
  "modular-bitfield-msb",
+ "rand 0.9.1",
  "serde",
  "structpack",
  "tlmcmddb",
@@ -663,7 +664,19 @@ checksum = "94b22e06ecb0110981051723910cbf0b5f5e09a2062dd7663334ee79a9d1286c"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "wasi",
+ "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "73fea8450eea4bac3940448fb7ae50d91f034f941199fcd9d909a5a07aa455f0"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi",
+ "wasi 0.14.2+wasi-0.2.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1003,9 +1016,9 @@ checksum = "e2abad23fbc42b3700f2f279844dc832adb2b2eb069b2df918f455c4e18cc646"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.153"
+version = "0.2.172"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9c198f91728a82281a64e1f4f9eeb25d82cb32a5de251c6bd1b5154d63a8e7bd"
+checksum = "d750af042f7ef4f724306de029d18836c26c1765a54a6a3f094cbd23a7267ffa"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
@@ -1092,7 +1105,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a4a650543ca06a924e8b371db273b2756685faae30f8487da1b56505a8f78b0c"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "wasi",
+ "wasi 0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
@@ -1447,6 +1460,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "r-efi"
+version = "5.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "74765f6d916ee2faa39bc8e68e4f3ed8949b48cccdac59983d287a7cb71ce9c5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "radium"
 version = "0.7.0"
@@ -1460,8 +1479,18 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9fbfd9d094a40bf3ae768db9361049ace4c0e04a4fd6b359518bd7b73a73dd97"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1471,7 +1500,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_chacha"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1480,7 +1519,16 @@ version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
+ "getrandom 0.2.14",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.9.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "99d9a13982dcf210057a8a78572b2217b667c3beacbf3a0d8b454f6f82837d38"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.3.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1498,7 +1546,7 @@ version = "0.4.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bd283d9651eeda4b2a83a43c1c91b266c40fd76ecd39a50a8c630ae69dc72891"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
+ "getrandom 0.2.14",
  "libredox",
  "thiserror",
 ]
@@ -1597,7 +1645,7 @@ checksum = "c17fa4cb658e3583423e915b9f3acc01cceaee1860e33d59ebae66adc3a2dc0d"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cfg-if",
- "getrandom",
+ "getrandom 0.2.14",
  "libc",
  "spin",
  "untrusted",
@@ -1799,7 +1847,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "161283cfe8e99c8f6f236a402b9ccf726b201f365988b5bb637ebca0abbd4a30"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
  "sentry-types",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -1835,7 +1883,7 @@ checksum = "5d68cdf6bc41b8ff3ae2a9c4671e97426dcdd154cc1d4b6b72813f285d6b163f"
 dependencies = [
  "debugid",
  "hex",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "thiserror",
@@ -2359,7 +2407,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "indexmap 1.9.3",
  "pin-project",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
  "slab",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
@@ -2479,7 +2527,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "http 0.2.12",
  "httparse",
  "log",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
  "sha1",
  "thiserror",
  "url",
@@ -2623,6 +2671,15 @@ version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasi"
+version = "0.14.2+wasi-0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9683f9a5a998d873c0d21fcbe3c083009670149a8fab228644b8bd36b2c48cb3"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen-rt",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
 version = "0.2.92"
@@ -2932,6 +2989,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rt"
+version = "0.39.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6f42320e61fe2cfd34354ecb597f86f413484a798ba44a8ca1165c58d42da6c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.5.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wyz"
 version = "0.5.1"
diff --git a/gaia-ccsds-c2a/Cargo.toml b/gaia-ccsds-c2a/Cargo.toml
index c3c049e3..00c72d37 100644
--- a/gaia-ccsds-c2a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/gaia-ccsds-c2a/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,3 +19,6 @@ zerocopy = "0.6"
 tlmcmddb = "=2.5.1"
 structpack.workspace = true
 async-trait = "0.1"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+rand = "0.9.1"
diff --git a/gaia-ccsds-c2a/src/ccsds/tc/cltu.rs b/gaia-ccsds-c2a/src/ccsds/tc/cltu.rs
index 651e7160..b8f60484 100644
--- a/gaia-ccsds-c2a/src/ccsds/tc/cltu.rs
+++ b/gaia-ccsds-c2a/src/ccsds/tc/cltu.rs
@@ -73,6 +73,75 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(bch, 0xCC);
     }
 
+    // bch code, without complement, lsb aligned
+    fn raw_bch(info_bytes: &[u8]) -> u8 {
+        !bch_code(info_bytes) >> 1
+    }
+
+    // input: code(x) (7 bits)
+    // output: code(x) * x
+    fn shift(code: u8) -> u8 {
+        let mut shifted = code << 1;
+        if shifted & 0b10000000 != 0 {
+            shifted ^= 0b11000101;
+        }
+        shifted
+    }
+
+    // input: code(x) (7 bits)
+    // output: code(x) * x^n
+    fn shift_n(code: u8, n: usize) -> u8 {
+        let mut shifted = code;
+        for _ in 0..n {
+            shifted = shift(shifted);
+        }
+        shifted
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bch_zero() {
+        let bch = raw_bch(&[0; 7]);
+        assert_eq!(bch, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bch_one() {
+        assert_eq!(raw_bch(&[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]), 0x45);
+    }
+
+    // check forall i in [0, 56), BCH(x ^ i) = x ^ (i + 7)
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bc_single_bit() {
+        for i in 0..56 {
+            let byte_pos = i / 8;
+            let bit_pos = i % 8;
+            let mut info_bytes = [0; 7];
+            info_bytes[6 - byte_pos] = 1 << bit_pos;
+            assert_eq!(raw_bch(&info_bytes), shift_n(1, i + 7));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // check forall p q, BCH(p + q) = BCH(p) + BCH(q)
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bch_homomorphism() {
+        use rand::{rngs::SmallRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
+        let seed = rand::random();
+        println!("seed = {}", seed);
+        let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(seed);
+
+        for _ in 0..1000 {
+            let p: [u8; 7] = rng.random();
+            let q: [u8; 7] = rng.random();
+            let r: [u8; 7] = std::array::from_fn(|i| p[i] ^ q[i]);
+
+            let p_code = raw_bch(&p);
+            let q_code = raw_bch(&q);
+            let r_code = raw_bch(&r);
+
+            assert_eq!(p_code ^ q_code, r_code);
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_randomize() {
         let mut bytes = vec![