diff --git a/configs/debug/v1/multimodal.toml b/configs/debug/v1/multimodal.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d84fe0253c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/configs/debug/v1/multimodal.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# v1 port of configs/debug/multimodal.toml — identical except the env block, which loads
+# the native v1 `color-codeword-v1` taskset (images delivered by a colocated vf.User) on the
+# subprocess runtime, instead of the v0 `color-codeword` env. Exercises native v1 image
+# input → renderer → multi_modal_data → Qwen3-VL training end-to-end.
+
+max_steps = 15
+seq_len = 4096
+
+[model]
+name = "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct"
+
+[model.vlm]
+vision_encoder_attr = "model.visual"
+language_model_attr = "model.language_model"
+
+[deployment]
+num_train_gpus = 1
+num_infer_gpus = 1
+gpus_per_node = 2
+
+[orchestrator]
+batch_size = 256
+group_size = 16
+# Image processor is CPU-bound and dominates for VLMs; returns diminish past 4.
+pool_size = 4
+
+# Step 0 on Qwen3-VL-4B vs color-codeword can be uniform (all-correct or
+# all-wrong), so don't enforce zero-advantage dropping or training would crash
+# before any progress.
+[[orchestrator.post_batch_filters]]
+type = "gibberish"
+
+[[orchestrator.post_batch_filters]]
+type = "repetition"
+
+[[orchestrator.post_batch_filters]]
+type = "zero_advantage"
+enforce = false
+
+[orchestrator.train.sampling]
+max_completion_tokens = 64
+
+[[orchestrator.train.env]]
+taskset = { id = "color-codeword-v1", images_per_turn = 1, max_turns = 3, num_examples = 1000, seed = 42 }
+harness = { id = "default", enable_bash = false, runtime = { type = "subprocess" } }
+
+# Default renderer (AutoRendererConfig) resolves Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct from
+# MODEL_RENDERER_MAP to Qwen3VLRenderer at runtime; no explicit name needed.
+
+[trainer]
+
+[trainer.model]
+optimization_dtype = "bfloat16"
+reduce_dtype = "bfloat16"
+
+[trainer.optim]
+lr = 3e-6
+
+[inference]
+
+[inference.model]
+# Workaround for vLLM 0.20.1 Qwen3-VL deepstack buffer bug: when num_scheduled_tokens
+# (188) gets padded up to the next cudagraph_capture_size (192), the model's
+# _set_deepstack_input_embeds sizes the buffer to 188 but forward() runs with 192,
+# triggering "Requested more deepstack tokens than available in buffer". Eager mode
+# skips the padding so num_input_tokens == num_scheduled_tokens.
+enforce_eager = true
+
+[inference.parallel]
+dp = 1
+tp = 1
+
+[wandb]
+project = "debug"
+name = "multimodal-v1"
+tags = ["qwen3vl-4b", "color-codeword-v1", "renderer", "v1"]
diff --git a/deps/verifiers b/deps/verifiers
index 907dac69a4..df6423c08b 160000
--- a/deps/verifiers
+++ b/deps/verifiers
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 907dac69a46ef8c5c67d71c4444169b05cf569b0
+Subproject commit df6423c08b5fdb740fa24a8a998af56f209d015f
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 5b81b40da9..fc2393ce27 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ envs = [
     "gsm8k-v1",
     "math-env-v1",
     "aime24-v1",
+    "color-codeword-v1",
     "harnesses",
 ]
 disagg = [
@@ -246,6 +247,7 @@ reverse-text-v1 = { path = "deps/verifiers/examples/tasksets/reverse_text_v1", e
 gsm8k-v1 = { path = "deps/verifiers/examples/tasksets/gsm8k_v1", editable = true }
 math-env-v1 = { path = "deps/verifiers/examples/tasksets/math_env_v1", editable = true }
 aime24-v1 = { path = "deps/verifiers/examples/tasksets/aime24_v1", editable = true }
+color-codeword-v1 = { path = "deps/verifiers/examples/tasksets/color_codeword_v1", editable = true }
 harnesses = { path = "deps/verifiers/packages/harnesses", editable = true }
 renderers = { path = "deps/renderers", editable = true }
 prime-pydantic-config = { path = "deps/pydantic-config", editable = true }
diff --git a/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/orchestrator.py b/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/orchestrator.py
index 94fd192784..f144b6422c 100644
--- a/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/orchestrator.py
+++ b/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/orchestrator.py
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
     compute_teacher_logprobs,
     get_weight_dir,
     intercept_vf_logging,
+    mm_token_type_id_map,
     save_rollouts,
     set_default_executor,
     setup_student_inference_pool,
@@ -215,11 +216,9 @@ async def setup(self) -> None:
         self.renderer, self.student_inference = await setup_student_inference_pool(
             config=config, tokenizer=self.tokenizer
         )
-        self.mm_token_type_ids_mapping = (
-            getattr(self.renderer, "mm_token_type_id_map", None) if self.renderer is not None else None
-        )
-        if self.mm_token_type_ids_mapping == {}:
-            self.mm_token_type_ids_mapping = None
+        # The renderer lives in the env server, so derive the VLM type-id map from the
+        # renderer config directly (None for text models).
+        self.mm_token_type_ids_mapping = mm_token_type_id_map(config)
 
         if config.teacher is not None:
             get_logger().info(
diff --git a/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/train_sink.py b/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/train_sink.py
index 589c24524f..db264c50f0 100644
--- a/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/train_sink.py
+++ b/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/train_sink.py
@@ -149,7 +149,12 @@ async def process_rollout(self, rollout: TrainRollout) -> None:
             return
         if any(turn.tokens is None for turn in rollout.trace.trajectory):
             await asyncio.to_thread(backfill_rollout_tokens, rollout.trace, self.tokenizer)
-        samples = await asyncio.to_thread(trace_to_samples, rollout.trace, env_name=rollout.env_name)
+        samples = await asyncio.to_thread(
+            trace_to_samples,
+            rollout.trace,
+            env_name=rollout.env_name,
+            mm_token_type_ids_mapping=self.mm_token_type_ids_mapping,
+        )
         rollout.samples = samples or []
 
     def process_group(self, group_id: uuid.UUID) -> None:
diff --git a/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/trajectories.py b/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/trajectories.py
index 333054ae1b..21ca524e4c 100644
--- a/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/trajectories.py
+++ b/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/trajectories.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 from verifiers.v1.clients.openai import message_to_wire
 
 from prime_rl.transport import TrainingSample
+from prime_rl.transport.types import EncodedTensor
 from prime_rl.utils.chat_template import (
     common_prefix_len,
     deserialize_tool_calls,
@@ -50,7 +51,57 @@ def backfill_rollout_tokens(trace: vf.Trace, tokenizer) -> None:
         )
 
 
-def trace_to_samples(trace: vf.Trace, *, env_name: str = "") -> list[TrainingSample]:
+def _decode_wire_tensor(wt: vf.WireTensor):
+    import base64
+
+    import numpy as np
+    import torch
+
+    arr = np.frombuffer(base64.b64decode(wt.data), dtype=np.dtype(wt.dtype)).reshape(wt.shape)
+    return torch.from_numpy(arr.copy())
+
+
+def _pack_mm_kwargs(mm_list: list[vf.MMData]) -> dict[str, EncodedTensor] | None:
+    """Union each turn's *new* images into model-agnostic `mm_kwargs`: concat each
+    HF-processor kwarg (e.g. `pixel_values`, `image_grid_thw`) in turn order. The model's
+    `forward` signature is the schema, so image/video keys don't clash.
+
+    The stitched ids carry each image's placeholder tokens once (in the turn it's
+    introduced), so we contribute each image once too. A turn's `multi_modal_data` may be
+    *cumulative* (the renderer re-rendered the whole prompt → every image so far, native v1)
+    or *delta* (only the turn's new images, the v0 bridge); a turn is cumulative iff its
+    hashes restate everything taken so far, so we take only the appended tail. Identical
+    images in different turns (e.g. two squares of the same color) keep distinct slots —
+    matched by position, not deduped by hash."""
+    import torch
+
+    per_kwarg: dict[str, list] = {}
+    taken: dict[str, list] = {}  # modality -> hashes contributed so far, in order
+    for mm in mm_list:
+        for modality, items in mm.mm_items.items():
+            hashes = list(mm.mm_hashes.get(modality) or [None] * len(items))
+            acc = taken.setdefault(modality, [])
+            if None not in hashes and hashes[: len(acc)] == acc:
+                start = len(acc)  # cumulative turn: skip the restated prefix
+                acc[:] = hashes
+            else:
+                start = 0  # delta turn: all images are new
+                acc.extend(hashes)
+            for item in items[start:]:
+                for key, wt in item.items():
+                    per_kwarg.setdefault(key, []).append(_decode_wire_tensor(wt))
+    if not per_kwarg:
+        return None
+    out: dict[str, EncodedTensor] = {}
+    for key, tensors in per_kwarg.items():
+        arr = torch.cat(tensors, dim=0).contiguous().numpy()
+        out[key] = EncodedTensor(dtype=str(arr.dtype), shape=list(arr.shape), data=arr.tobytes())
+    return out
+
+
+def trace_to_samples(
+    trace: vf.Trace, *, env_name: str = "", mm_token_type_ids_mapping: dict[int, int] | None = None
+) -> list[TrainingSample]:
     """Convert a v1 `Trace` into `TrainingSample`s — one per branch.
 
     Stitch each branch's turns into one token sequence: the branch's first-turn
@@ -91,6 +142,13 @@ def trace_to_samples(trace: vf.Trace, *, env_name: str = "") -> list[TrainingSam
 
         if not completion_ids:
             continue
+        # Multimodal: union each turn's image/video tensors into mm_kwargs, and tag every
+        # token with its modality (image-placeholder vs text) via the renderer's map.
+        mm = [t.tokens.multi_modal_data for t in turns if t.tokens and t.tokens.multi_modal_data]
+        mm_kwargs = _pack_mm_kwargs(mm) if mm else None
+        mm_token_type_ids = None
+        if mm_kwargs is not None and mm_token_type_ids_mapping:
+            mm_token_type_ids = [mm_token_type_ids_mapping.get(tid, 0) for tid in prompt_ids + completion_ids]
         samples.append(
             TrainingSample(
                 prompt_ids=prompt_ids,
@@ -102,6 +160,8 @@ def trace_to_samples(trace: vf.Trace, *, env_name: str = "") -> list[TrainingSam
                 teacher_logprobs=None,
                 advantage=None,
                 env_name=env_name,
+                mm_kwargs=mm_kwargs,
+                mm_token_type_ids=mm_token_type_ids,
             )
         )
     if not samples:
diff --git a/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/utils.py b/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/utils.py
index 5b0ff6ae1f..6b728ab57b 100644
--- a/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/utils.py
+++ b/src/prime_rl/orchestrator/utils.py
@@ -42,6 +42,19 @@ async def setup_student_inference_pool(*, config: OrchestratorConfig, tokenizer)
     return None, inference_pool
 
 
+def mm_token_type_id_map(config: OrchestratorConfig) -> dict[int, int] | None:
+    """The image/video placeholder-token → type-id map the VLM trainer needs to build
+    `mm_token_type_ids` (M-RoPE). Built transiently from the renderer config — the
+    orchestrator keeps no renderer of its own, and a VLM always has one configured
+    (`vlm_requires_renderer`). None for a text model."""
+    if not config.student.model.is_vlm or config.renderer is None:
+        return None
+    from renderers import create_renderer_pool
+
+    pool = create_renderer_pool(config.student.model.name, config.renderer, size=1)
+    return getattr(pool, "mm_token_type_id_map", None) or None
+
+
 def get_model_completion_len(output: vf.Trace) -> int:
     """Sum of model-generated completion tokens across all turns (excludes
     environment-injected tokens between turns)."""
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 166aedb371..a7b8b1b12f 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -568,6 +568,17 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "verifiers", specifier = ">=0.1.10" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "color-codeword-v1"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = { editable = "deps/verifiers/examples/tasksets/color_codeword_v1" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "pillow", marker = "(platform_machine == 'aarch64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux')" },
+]
+
+[package.metadata]
+requires-dist = [{ name = "pillow" }]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "comm"
 version = "0.2.3"
@@ -3599,6 +3610,7 @@ envs = [
     { name = "alphabet-sort", marker = "(platform_machine == 'aarch64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux')" },
     { name = "code-env", marker = "(platform_machine == 'aarch64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux')" },
     { name = "color-codeword", marker = "(platform_machine == 'aarch64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux')" },
+    { name = "color-codeword-v1", marker = "(platform_machine == 'aarch64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux')" },
     { name = "deepdive", marker = "(platform_machine == 'aarch64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux')" },
     { name = "general-agent", marker = "(platform_machine == 'aarch64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux')" },
     { name = "gpqa", marker = "(platform_machine == 'aarch64' and sys_platform == 'linux') or (platform_machine == 'x86_64' and sys_platform == 'linux')" },
@@ -3671,6 +3683,7 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "beartype", specifier = ">=0.21.0" },
     { name = "code-env", marker = "extra == 'envs'", editable = "deps/research-environments/environments/code_env" },
     { name = "color-codeword", marker = "extra == 'envs'", editable = "deps/research-environments/environments/color_codeword" },
+    { name = "color-codeword-v1", marker = "extra == 'envs'", editable = "deps/verifiers/examples/tasksets/color_codeword_v1" },
     { name = "datasets", specifier = ">=4.0.0" },
     { name = "deep-ep", marker = "platform_machine == 'x86_64' and extra == 'disagg'", url = "https://github.com/PrimeIntellect-ai/prime-rl/releases/download/v0.5.0/deep_ep-1.2.1+29d31c0-cp312-cp312-linux_x86_64.whl" },
     { name = "deep-gemm", marker = "platform_machine == 'x86_64' and extra == 'disagg'", url = "https://github.com/PrimeIntellect-ai/prime-rl/releases/download/v0.5.0/deep_gemm-2.5.0+891d57b-cp312-cp312-linux_x86_64.whl" },