From 8cdca9945bdceb951c5ecd8e4bd9b6cb43863f9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Glen Robson <glen.robson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 15:13:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/7] Adding v4 validator

---
 .github/workflows/valiadte.yml | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/valiadte.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/valiadte.yml b/.github/workflows/valiadte.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71e5e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/valiadte.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: validate
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  validate:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      BUNDLE_WITH: test jekyll_plugins
+      SITE_ID:  'cookbook' # which iiif site this is
+      URL: 'https://preview.iiif.io'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out this repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Run IIIF validator
+        uses: IIIF/presentation-validator@v4
+        with:
+          directory: manifests
+          version: "4.0"

From c365eaa0d28389f93c3a1cb9968d7c2467510232 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Glen Robson <glenrobson@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 May 2026 17:41:21 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/7] Updating version

---
 .github/workflows/valiadte.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/valiadte.yml b/.github/workflows/valiadte.yml
index 71e5e7d..d947320 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/valiadte.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/valiadte.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Run IIIF validator
-        uses: IIIF/presentation-validator@v4
+        uses: IIIF/presentation-validator@main
         with:
           directory: manifests
           version: "4.0"

From 5285f6d3edc0241862ccc2a6eb000f48b8973900 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julie Winchester <julie.winchester@duke.edu>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 12:09:52 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/7] Iterative manifest updates by Claude using validator

---
 .../astronaut_comment_scope.json              | 311 +++++++++--------
 .../whale_comment_scope_content_state.json    | 322 +++++++++---------
 ...tronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json | 205 +++++------
 manifests/2_cameras/perspective_camera.json   |  10 +-
 .../positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json        |  17 +-
 .../positioned_camera_lookat_point.json       |  17 +-
 manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json |  84 ++---
 .../2_cameras/zz_orthographic_camera.json     | 119 +++----
 manifests/3_lights/ambient_green_light.json   |  12 +-
 .../direction_light_lookat_positioned.json    |  21 +-
 .../direction_light_transform_rotate.json     |  21 +-
 ...le_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json | 102 +++---
 .../model_position.json                       |  11 +-
 ...del_transform_negative_scale_position.json |  35 +-
 .../model_transform_rotate_position.json      |  24 +-
 ...l_transform_rotate_translate_position.json |  24 +-
 .../model_transform_scale_position.json       |  35 +-
 ...el_transform_scale_translate_position.json |  35 +-
 ...l_transform_translate_rotate_position.json |  24 +-
 ...el_transform_translate_scale_position.json |  35 +-
 .../tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json         |  58 ++--
 .../tipped_astronaut.json                     |  33 +-
 .../whale_cranium_and_mandible_position.json  |  22 +-
 .../iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_backward.json    |  13 +-
 .../iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_forward.json     |  13 +-
 .../astronaut_comment.json                    |  37 +-
 .../astronaut_multilingual_comment.json       | 139 ++++----
 .../whale_comment.json                        |  40 +--
 .../whale_comment_camera.json                 |  68 ++--
 .../whale_comment_label_body_position.json    |  94 +++--
 ...le_comment_label_body_position_rotate.json | 106 +++---
 .../whale_comment_point_polygon.json          | 114 +++----
 32 files changed, 1085 insertions(+), 1116 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manifests/10_content_state/astronaut_comment_scope.json b/manifests/10_content_state/astronaut_comment_scope.json
index 553d262..35a5070 100644
--- a/manifests/10_content_state/astronaut_comment_scope.json
+++ b/manifests/10_content_state/astronaut_comment_scope.json
@@ -23,187 +23,186 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
-            }
-          ]
-        }
-      ],
-      "annotations": [
-        {
-          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p2/1",
-          "type": "AnnotationPage",
-          "items": [
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
+            },
             {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/camera-anno-glove",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["commenting"],
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
+              "behavior": ["hidden"],
               "body": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/bodies/glove",
-                "type": "TextualBody",
-                "value": "Glove",
-                "language": "en",
-                "format": "text/plain"
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
+                "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
+                "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera for Glove"]},
+                "lookAt": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/uuid/6799e7d1-89a1-4e76-bcb9-3c0c47065598",
+                  "type": "PointSelector",
+                  "x": 0.0,
+                  "y": 2.0108470916748047,
+                  "z": -0.012333005666732798
+                }
               },
               "target": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/ab7f9b03-2c13-416c-85d8-13e4ef6d6a3b",
+                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/48350b8f-be54-4a20-990e-80b596efbb36",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/uuid/bfa9c562-3480-4605-aa60-fff02a1d6716",
+                    "id": "https://example.org/uuid/1a0f1b38-2ab7-4603-bfc3-353e77f18c93",
                     "type": "PointSelector",
-                    "x": 1.075,
-                    "y": 1.894,
-                    "z": 0.204
+                    "x": 0.0,
+                    "y": 2.010847091674805,
+                    "z": 9.11616179783789
                   }
-                ],
-                "scope": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/scope1",
-                  "type": "Annotation",
-                  "motivation": ["contentState"],
-                  "target": {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene",
-                    "items": [
-                      {
-                        "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p3/1",
-                        "type": "AnnotationPage",
-                        "items": [
-                          {
-                            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/scope1/anno1",
-                            "type": "Annotation",
-                            "motivation": ["painting"],
-                            "body": {
-                              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
-                              "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                              "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera for Glove"]},
-                              "lookAt": {
-                                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/6799e7d1-89a1-4e76-bcb9-3c0c47065598",
-                                "type": "PointSelector",
-                                "x": 0.0,
-                                "y": 2.0108470916748047,
-                                "z": -0.012333005666732798
-                              }
-                            },
-                            "target": {
-                              "id": "https://example.org/uuid/48350b8f-be54-4a20-990e-80b596efbb36",
-                              "type": "SpecificResource",
-                              "source": [
-                                {
-                                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                                  "type": "Scene"
-                                }
-                              ],
-                              "selector": [
-                                {
-                                  "id": "https://example.org/uuid/1a0f1b38-2ab7-4603-bfc3-353e77f18c93",
-                                  "type": "PointSelector",
-                                  "x": 0.0,
-                                  "y": 2.010847091674805,
-                                  "z": 9.11616179783789
-                                }
-                              ]
-                            }
-                          }
-                        ]
-                      }
-                    ]
-                  }
-                }
+                ]
               }
             },
             {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/camera-anno-helmet",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "bodyValue": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/bodies/helmet",
-                  "type": "TextualBody",
-                  "value": "Helmet",
-                  "language": "en",
-                  "format": "text/plain"
-                },
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
+              "behavior": ["hidden"],
+              "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/2",
+                "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
+                "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera for Helmet"]},
+                "lookAt": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/uuid/80ace027-d43d-48f2-81dc-59bfed7b61cc",
+                  "type": "PointSelector",
+                  "x": 0.0,
+                  "y": 2.0108470916748047,
+                  "z": -0.012333005666732798
+                }
+              },
               "target": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/8e6a68cd-a5be-4661-acc2-a373f2e749ae",
+                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/ea4fcfb0-7341-48e3-a85d-d9c9f2bac5a0",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/uuid/7f940815-62f7-4d99-99e9-2f2a1ba0e7c8",
+                    "id": "https://example.org/uuid/fa64be77-e766-49f0-a89c-cf1a6b7f5869",
                     "type": "PointSelector",
-                    "x": 0.006,
-                    "y": 3.498,
-                    "z": 0.703
+                    "x": 0.0,
+                    "y": 2.010847091674805,
+                    "z": 9.11616179783789
                   }
-                ],
-                "scope": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/scope1",
-                  "type": "Annotation",
-                  "motivation": ["contentState"],
-                  "target": {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene",
-                    "items": [
-                      {
-                        "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p3/1",
-                        "type": "AnnotationPage",
-                        "items": [
-                          {
-                            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/scope1/anno1",
-                            "type": "Annotation",
-                            "motivation": ["painting"],
-                            "body": {
-                              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/2",
-                              "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                              "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera for Helmet"]},
-                              "lookAt": {
-                                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/80ace027-d43d-48f2-81dc-59bfed7b61cc",
-                                "type": "PointSelector",
-                                "x": 0.0,
-                                "y": 2.0108470916748047,
-                                "z": -0.012333005666732798
-                              }
-                            },
-                            "target": {
-                              "id": "https://example.org/uuid/ea4fcfb0-7341-48e3-a85d-d9c9f2bac5a0",
-                              "type": "SpecificResource",
-                              "source": [
-                                {
-                                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                                  "type": "Scene"
-                                }
-                              ],
-                              "selector": [
-                                {
-                                  "id": "https://example.org/uuid/fa64be77-e766-49f0-a89c-cf1a6b7f5869",
-                                  "type": "PointSelector",
-                                  "x": 0.0,
-                                  "y": 2.010847091674805,
-                                  "z": 9.11616179783789
-                                }
-                              ]
-                            }
-                          }
-                        ]
-                      }
-                    ]
-                  }
-                }
+                ]
               }
             }
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
+  ],
+  "annotations": [
+    {
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p2/1",
+      "type": "AnnotationPage",
+      "items": [
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["commenting"],
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/bodies/glove",
+            "type": "TextualBody",
+            "value": "Glove",
+            "language": ["en"],
+            "format": "text/plain"
+          },
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/uuid/ab7f9b03-2c13-416c-85d8-13e4ef6d6a3b",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+              "type": "Scene"
+            },
+            "selector": [
+              {
+                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/bfa9c562-3480-4605-aa60-fff02a1d6716",
+                "type": "PointSelector",
+                "x": 1.075,
+                "y": 1.894,
+                "z": 0.204
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["commenting"],
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/bodies/helmet",
+            "type": "TextualBody",
+            "value": "Helmet",
+            "language": ["en"],
+            "format": "text/plain"
+          },
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/uuid/8e6a68cd-a5be-4661-acc2-a373f2e749ae",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+              "type": "Scene"
+            },
+            "selector": [
+              {
+                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/7f940815-62f7-4d99-99e9-2f2a1ba0e7c8",
+                "type": "PointSelector",
+                "x": 0.006,
+                "y": 3.498,
+                "z": 0.703
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/glove",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["activating"],
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
+            "type": "Annotation"
+          },
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/glove/body",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/camera-anno-glove",
+              "type": "Annotation"
+            },
+            "action": ["show", "enable", "select"]
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/helmet",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["activating"],
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
+            "type": "Annotation"
+          },
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/helmet/body",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/camera-anno-helmet",
+              "type": "Annotation"
+            },
+            "action": ["show", "enable", "select"]
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/manifests/10_content_state/whale_comment_scope_content_state.json b/manifests/10_content_state/whale_comment_scope_content_state.json
index 691f424..bac5f3d 100644
--- a/manifests/10_content_state/whale_comment_scope_content_state.json
+++ b/manifests/10_content_state/whale_comment_scope_content_state.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -51,13 +50,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -67,180 +65,180 @@
                   }
                 ]
               }
-            }
-          ]
-        }
-      ],
-      "annotations": [
-        {
-          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/annotations/1",
-          "type": "AnnotationPage",
-          "items": [
+            },
             {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno7",
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno8",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "bodyValue": "Mandibular tooth",
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
+              "behavior": ["hidden"],
+              "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno8/body",
+                "type": "SpecificResource",
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/mandibular-tooth",
+                  "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
+                  "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Front of Cranium and Mandible"]},
+                  "fieldOfView": 50.0,
+                  "near": 0.10,
+                  "far": 2000.0
+                }
+              },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno8/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
-                    "x": 0.011,
-                    "y": 0.069,
-                    "z": 0.231
-                  }
-                ],
-                "scope": {
-                  "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4",
-                  "type": "Annotation",
-                  "motivation": ["contentState"],
-                  "target": {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene",
-                    "backgroundColor": "yellow",
-                    "items": [
-                      {
-                        "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p3/1",
-                        "type": "AnnotationPage",
-                        "items": [
-                          {
-                            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno8",
-                            "type": "Annotation",
-                            "motivation": ["painting"],
-                            "body": {
-                              "type": "SpecificResource",
-                              "source": [
-                                {
-                                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
-                                  "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                                  "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Front of Cranium and Mandible"]},
-                                  "fieldOfView": 50.0,
-                                  "near": 0.10,
-                                  "far": 2000.0
-                                }
-                              ]
-                            },
-                            "target": {
-                              "type": "SpecificResource",
-                              "source": [
-                                {
-                                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                                  "type": "Scene"
-                                }
-                              ],
-                              "selector": [
-                                {
-                                  "type": "PointSelector",
-                                  "x": 0.0,
-                                  "y": 0.15,
-                                  "z": 0.75
-                                }
-                              ]
-                            }
-                          }
-                        ]
-                      }
-                    ]
+                    "x": 0.0,
+                    "y": 0.15,
+                    "z": 0.75
                   }
-                }
+                ]
               }
             },
             {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno5",
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno6",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "bodyValue": "Right pterygoid hamulus",
-              "target": {
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
+              "behavior": ["hidden"],
+              "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno6/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/hamulus",
+                  "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
+                  "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
+                  "fieldOfView": 50.0,
+                  "near": 0.10,
+                  "far": 2000.0
+                },
+                "transform": [
                   {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
+                    "type": "RotateTransform",
+                    "x": -15.0,
+                    "y": 215.0,
+                    "z": 0.0
                   }
-                ],
+                ]
+              },
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno6/target",
+                "type": "SpecificResource",
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
-                    "x": 0.040,
-                    "y": 0.063,
-                    "z": -0.066
+                    "x": -0.25,
+                    "y": 0.0,
+                    "z": -0.5
                   }
-                ],
-                "scope":  {
-                  "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
-                  "type": "Annotation",
-                  "motivation": ["contentState"],
-                  "target": {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene",
-                    "backgroundColor": "green",
-                    "items": [
-                      {
-                        "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p3/1",
-                        "type": "AnnotationPage",
-                        "items": [
-                          {
-                            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno6",
-                            "type": "Annotation",
-                            "motivation": ["painting"],
-                            "body": {
-                              "type": "SpecificResource",
-                              "source": [
-                                {
-                                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
-                                  "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                                  "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
-                                  "fieldOfView": 50.0,
-                                  "near": 0.10,
-                                  "far": 2000.0
-                                }
-                              ],
-                              "transform": [
-                                {
-                                  "type": "RotateTransform",
-                                  "x": -15.0,
-                                  "y": 215.0,
-                                  "z": 0.0
-                                }
-                              ]
-                            },
-                            "target": {
-                              "type": "SpecificResource",
-                              "source": [
-                                {
-                                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                                  "type": "Scene"
-                                }
-                              ],
-                              "selector": [
-                                {
-                                  "type": "PointSelector",
-                                  "x": -0.25,
-                                  "y": 0.0,
-                                  "z": -0.5
-                                }
-                              ]
-                            }
-                          }
-                        ]
-                      }
-                    ]
-                  }
-                }
+                ]
               }
             }
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
+  ],
+  "annotations": [
+    {
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/annotations/1",
+      "type": "AnnotationPage",
+      "items": [
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno7",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["commenting"],
+          "body": {
+            "type": "TextualBody",
+            "value": "Mandibular tooth"
+          },
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno7/target",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+              "type": "Scene"
+            },
+            "selector": [
+              {
+                "type": "PointSelector",
+                "x": 0.011,
+                "y": 0.069,
+                "z": 0.231
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno5",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["commenting"],
+          "body": {
+            "type": "TextualBody",
+            "value": "Right pterygoid hamulus"
+          },
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno5/target",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+              "type": "Scene"
+            },
+            "selector": [
+              {
+                "type": "PointSelector",
+                "x": 0.040,
+                "y": 0.063,
+                "z": -0.066
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/tooth",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["activating"],
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno7",
+            "type": "Annotation"
+          },
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/tooth/body",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno8",
+              "type": "Annotation"
+            },
+            "action": ["show", "enable", "select"]
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/hamulus",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["activating"],
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno5",
+            "type": "Annotation"
+          },
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/hamulus/body",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno6",
+              "type": "Annotation"
+            },
+            "action": ["show", "enable", "select"]
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/manifests/11_special/astronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json b/manifests/11_special/astronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json
index ce95992..2c593ee 100644
--- a/manifests/11_special/astronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json
+++ b/manifests/11_special/astronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   "summary": { "en": ["Viewer should render the model at the scene origin and two comment annotations, one targeting a point near the astronaut's glove and the other targeting a point near the astronaut's helmet. Each comment annotation has a specific camera position and view specified for it using annotations with activating motivation."] },
   "items": [
     {
-      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "label": { "en": ["A Scene"] },
       "items": [
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
@@ -45,12 +48,10 @@
               "target": {
                 "id": "https://example.org/uuid/48350b8f-be54-4a20-990e-80b596efbb36",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "id": "https://example.org/uuid/1a0f1b38-2ab7-4603-bfc3-353e77f18c93",
@@ -82,12 +83,10 @@
               "target": {
                 "id": "https://example.org/uuid/ea4fcfb0-7341-48e3-a85d-d9c9f2bac5a0",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "id": "https://example.org/uuid/fa64be77-e766-49f0-a89c-cf1a6b7f5869",
@@ -101,93 +100,109 @@
             }
           ]
         }
-      ],
-      "annotations": [
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "annotations": [
+    {
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p2/1",
+      "type": "AnnotationPage",
+      "items": [
         {
-          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p2/1",
-          "type": "AnnotationPage",
-          "items": [
-            {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/1",
-              "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "body": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/1/body",
-                "type": "TextualBody",
-                "value": "Glove",
-                "language": "en",
-                "format": "text/plain"
-              },
-              "target": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/ab7f9b03-2c13-416c-85d8-13e4ef6d6a3b",
-                "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
-                "selector": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/uuid/bfa9c562-3480-4605-aa60-fff02a1d6716",
-                    "type": "PointSelector",
-                    "x": 1.075,
-                    "y": 1.894,
-                    "z": 0.204
-                  }
-                ]
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/1",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["commenting"],
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/1/body",
+            "type": "TextualBody",
+            "value": "Glove",
+            "language": ["en"],
+            "format": "text/plain"
+          },
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/uuid/ab7f9b03-2c13-416c-85d8-13e4ef6d6a3b",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+              "type": "Scene"
+            },
+            "selector": [
+              {
+                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/bfa9c562-3480-4605-aa60-fff02a1d6716",
+                "type": "PointSelector",
+                "x": 1.075,
+                "y": 1.894,
+                "z": 0.204
               }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/2",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["commenting"],
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/2/body",
+            "type": "TextualBody",
+            "value": "Helmet",
+            "language": ["en"],
+            "format": "text/plain"
+          },
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/uuid/8e6a68cd-a5be-4661-acc2-a373f2e749ae",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+              "type": "Scene"
             },
-            {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/2",
-              "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "body": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/2/body",
-                  "type": "TextualBody",
-                  "value": "Helmet",
-                  "language": "en",
-                  "format": "text/plain"
-                },
-              "target": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/8e6a68cd-a5be-4661-acc2-a373f2e749ae",
-                "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
-                "selector": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/uuid/7f940815-62f7-4d99-99e9-2f2a1ba0e7c8",
-                    "type": "PointSelector",
-                    "x": 0.006,
-                    "y": 3.498,
-                    "z": 0.703
-                  }
-                ]
+            "selector": [
+              {
+                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/7f940815-62f7-4d99-99e9-2f2a1ba0e7c8",
+                "type": "PointSelector",
+                "x": 0.006,
+                "y": 3.498,
+                "z": 0.703
               }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/1",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["activating"],
+          "summary": { "en": ["This annotation with motivation 'activating' links the first comment annotation (for the glove) to its camera. When the comment annotation is activated through user interaction, the camera annotation is shown and made the active camera."] },
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/1",
+            "type": "Annotation"
+          },
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/1/body",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
+              "type": "Annotation"
             },
-            {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/1",
-              "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["activating"],
-              "summary": { "en": ["This annotation with motivation 'activating' links the first comment annotation (for the glove) to its camera. By default, the camera is hidden. Clients are instructed that when the comment annotation is activated through user interaction that the camera annotation should be un-hidden (via enables) and then made the active camera (through the target)."] },
-              "body": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/1",
-              "enables": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1"
+            "action": ["show", "enable", "select"]
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/2",
+          "type": "Annotation",
+          "motivation": ["activating"],
+          "summary": { "en": ["This annotation with motivation 'activating' links the second comment annotation (for the helmet) to its camera. When the comment annotation is activated through user interaction, the camera annotation is shown and made the active camera."] },
+          "target": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/2",
+            "type": "Annotation"
+          },
+          "body": {
+            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/2/body",
+            "type": "SpecificResource",
+            "source": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/2",
+              "type": "Annotation"
             },
-            {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/2",
-              "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["activating"],
-              "summary": { "en": ["This annotation with motivation 'activating' links the second comment annotation (for the helmet) to its camera. By default, the camera is hidden. Clients are instructed that when the comment annotation is activated through user interaction that the camera annotation should be un-hidden (via enables) and then made the active camera (through the target)."] },
-              "body": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/comments/2",
-              "enables": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/2",
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/2"
-            }
-          ]
+            "action": ["show", "enable", "select"]
+          }
         }
       ]
     }
diff --git a/manifests/2_cameras/perspective_camera.json b/manifests/2_cameras/perspective_camera.json
index e6dfd17..00ab6e5 100644
--- a/manifests/2_cameras/perspective_camera.json
+++ b/manifests/2_cameras/perspective_camera.json
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
@@ -34,7 +37,10 @@
                 "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
                 "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera 1"]}
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             }
           ]
         }
diff --git a/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json b/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json
index 1cc9d68..0afcc2f 100644
--- a/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json
+++ b/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
       "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "label": { "en": ["Scene with Model and Camera"] },
-
       "items": [
         {
           "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
@@ -24,7 +23,10 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
@@ -40,13 +42,12 @@
                 }
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_point.json b/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_point.json
index acfa45c..b32962d 100644
--- a/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_point.json
+++ b/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_point.json
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
       "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "label": { "en": ["Scene with a Model and Camera Looking at a Point"] },
-
       "items": [
         {
           "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
@@ -24,7 +23,10 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
@@ -42,13 +44,12 @@
                 }
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json b/manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json
index 40d0063..8289b0f 100644
--- a/manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json
+++ b/manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   },
   "items": [
     {
-      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "items": [
         {
@@ -26,18 +26,19 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
-
             {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/choice",
-              "type": "Choice",
-              "items": [
-                {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
-                  "type": "Annotation",
-                  "motivation": ["painting"],
-                  "body": {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
+              "type": "Annotation",
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
+              "body": {
+                "type": "Choice",
+                "items": [
+                  {
                     "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
                     "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
                     "fieldOfView": 50,
@@ -49,29 +50,7 @@
                       "z": 0
                     }
                   },
-                  "target": {
-                    "type": "SpecificResource",
-                    "source": [
-                      {
-                        "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                        "type": "Scene"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "selector": [
-                      {
-                        "type": "PointSelector",
-                        "x": 0.0,
-                        "y": 3.0,
-                        "z": -10.0
-                      }
-                    ]
-                  }
-                },
-                {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
-                  "type": "Annotation",
-                  "motivation": ["painting"],
-                  "body": {
+                  {
                     "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/2",
                     "type": "OrthographicCamera",
                     "label": { "en": ["Orthographic Camera 1"] },
@@ -81,26 +60,25 @@
                       "y": 1,
                       "z": 0
                     }
-                  },
-                  "target": {
-                    "type": "SpecificResource",
-                    "source": [
-                      {
-                        "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                        "type": "Scene"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "selector": [
-                      {
-                        "type": "PointSelector",
-                        "x": 0.0,
-                        "y": 3.0,
-                        "z": -10.0
-                      }
-                    ]
                   }
-                }
-              ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
+                "type": "SpecificResource",
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
+                "selector": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "PointSelector",
+                    "x": 0.0,
+                    "y": 3.0,
+                    "z": -10.0
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
             }
           ]
         }
diff --git a/manifests/2_cameras/zz_orthographic_camera.json b/manifests/2_cameras/zz_orthographic_camera.json
index 6611afb..ef2feb4 100644
--- a/manifests/2_cameras/zz_orthographic_camera.json
+++ b/manifests/2_cameras/zz_orthographic_camera.json
@@ -1,64 +1,65 @@
 {
-    "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
-    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/orthographic_camera.json",
-    "type": "Manifest",
-    "label": { "en": ["Orthographic Camera"] },
-    "summary": { "en": ["Viewer should render the model at the scene origin and an Orthographic camera looking at the model, and add default lighting."] },
-    "items": [
-      {
-        "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-        "type": "Scene",
-        "items": [
-          {
-            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-            "type": "AnnotationPage",
-            "items": [
-              {
-                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1",
-                "type": "Annotation",
-                "motivation": ["painting"],
-                "body": {
-                  "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
-                  "type": "Model",
+  "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
+  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/orthographic_camera.json",
+  "type": "Manifest",
+  "label": { "en": ["Orthographic Camera"] },
+  "summary": { "en": ["Viewer should render the model at the scene origin and an Orthographic camera looking at the model, and add default lighting."] },
+  "items": [
+    {
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+      "type": "Scene",
+      "items": [
+        {
+          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
+          "type": "AnnotationPage",
+          "items": [
+            {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1",
+              "type": "Annotation",
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
+              "body": {
+                "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
+                "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-                },
-                "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1"
               },
-              {
-                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
-                "type": "Annotation",
-                "motivation": ["painting"],
-                "body": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/2",
-                  "type": "OrthographicCamera",
-                  "label": {"en": ["Orthographic Camera 1"]},
-                  "lookAt": {
-                    "type": "Annotation",
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1"
-                  }
-                },
-                "target": {
-                  "type": "SpecificResource",
-                  "source": [
-                    {
-                      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                      "type": "Scene"
-                    }
-                  ],
-                  "selector": [
-                    {
-                      "type": "PointSelector",
-                      "x": 0.0,
-                      "y": 3.0,
-                      "z": -10.0
-                    }
-                  ]
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
+              "type": "Annotation",
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
+              "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/2",
+                "type": "OrthographicCamera",
+                "label": {"en": ["Orthographic Camera 1"]},
+                "lookAt": {
+                  "type": "Annotation",
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1"
                 }
+              },
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/target",
+                "type": "SpecificResource",
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
+                "selector": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "PointSelector",
+                    "x": 0.0,
+                    "y": 3.0,
+                    "z": -10.0
+                  }
+                ]
               }
-            ]
-          }
-        ]
-      }
-    ]
-  }
-  
\ No newline at end of file
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/manifests/3_lights/ambient_green_light.json b/manifests/3_lights/ambient_green_light.json
index aab3df3..391ea10 100644
--- a/manifests/3_lights/ambient_green_light.json
+++ b/manifests/3_lights/ambient_green_light.json
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
@@ -34,9 +37,12 @@
                 "type": "AmbientLight",
                 "label": {"en": ["Ambient Green Light"]},
                 "color": "#00FF00",
-                "intensity": {"type": "Value", "value": 0.5, "unit": "relative"}
+                "intensity": {"type": "Quantity", "quantityValue": 0.5, "unit": "relative"}
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             }
           ]
         }
diff --git a/manifests/3_lights/direction_light_lookat_positioned.json b/manifests/3_lights/direction_light_lookat_positioned.json
index f539daf..5df4511 100644
--- a/manifests/3_lights/direction_light_lookat_positioned.json
+++ b/manifests/3_lights/direction_light_lookat_positioned.json
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
       "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "label": { "en": ["Scene with Model and DirectionalLight"] },
-  
       "items": [
         {
           "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
@@ -24,22 +23,26 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/lights/1",
-                    "type": "DirectionalLight",
-                    "label": {"en": ["Directional Light 1"]},
-                    "lookAt": {
-                      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1",
-                      "type": "Annotation"
-                    }
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/lights/1",
+                "type": "DirectionalLight",
+                "label": {"en": ["Directional Light 1"]},
+                "lookAt": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1",
+                  "type": "Annotation"
+                }
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
                 "source": {
                   "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
diff --git a/manifests/3_lights/direction_light_transform_rotate.json b/manifests/3_lights/direction_light_transform_rotate.json
index 8b3f756..f63a630 100644
--- a/manifests/3_lights/direction_light_transform_rotate.json
+++ b/manifests/3_lights/direction_light_transform_rotate.json
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
       "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "label": { "en": ["Scene with Model and Rotated DirectionalLight"] },
-  
       "items": [
         {
           "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
@@ -24,28 +23,30 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/lights/1",
-                    "type": "DirectionalLight",
-                    "label": {"en": ["Directional Light 1"]}
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/lights/1",
+                  "type": "DirectionalLight",
+                  "label": {"en": ["Directional Light 1"]}
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "RotateTransform",
                     "x": 30,
                     "y": 0,
                     "z": 0
-                  }                  
+                  }
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
diff --git a/manifests/3_lights/multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json b/manifests/3_lights/multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json
index 5330cb3..427ad49 100644
--- a/manifests/3_lights/multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json
+++ b/manifests/3_lights/multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
   },
   "summary": {
     "en": [
-        "Viewer should render the model at the scene origin, and then viewer should add one red spotlight pointing at the front of the helmet, one blue spotlight point at the front-center of the model, and an ambient green light source. The viewer should add a default camera but NOT any other lighting."
+      "Viewer should render the model at the scene origin, and then viewer should add one red spotlight pointing at the front of the helmet, one blue spotlight point at the front-center of the model, and an ambient green light source. The viewer should add a default camera but NOT any other lighting."
     ]
   },
   "items": [
     {
-      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "label": {
         "en": [
@@ -30,23 +30,20 @@
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": [
-                "painting"
-              ],
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
                 "source": {
                   "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/lights/1",
                   "type": "SpotLight",
                   "label": {
-                    "en": [
-                      "Red Spot Light"
-                    ]
+                    "en": ["Red Spot Light"]
                   },
                   "color": "#ff0000",
                   "intensity": {
-                    "type": "Value",
-                    "value": 100,
+                    "type": "Quantity",
+                    "quantityValue": 1.0,
                     "unit": "relative"
                   },
                   "angle": 5
@@ -67,69 +64,61 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ]
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                }
               }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": [
-                "painting"
-              ],
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
                 "source": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/lights/1",
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/lights/2",
                   "type": "AmbientLight",
                   "label": {
-                    "en": [
-                      "Green Ambient Light"
-                    ]
+                    "en": ["Green Ambient Light"]
                   },
                   "color": "#7aff40",
                   "intensity": {
-                    "type": "Value",
-                    "value": 0.5,
+                    "type": "Quantity",
+                    "quantityValue": 0.5,
                     "unit": "relative"
                   }
                 }
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ]
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                }
               }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": [
-                "painting"
-              ],
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
                 "source": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/lights/1",
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/lights/3",
                   "type": "SpotLight",
                   "label": {
-                    "en": [
-                      "Blue Spot Light"
-                    ]
+                    "en": ["Blue Spot Light"]
                   },
                   "color": "#0f00ff",
                   "intensity": {
-                    "type": "Value",
-                    "value": 10,
+                    "type": "Quantity",
+                    "quantityValue": 1.0,
                     "unit": "relative"
                   },
                   "angle": 5
@@ -150,42 +139,37 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ]
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                }
               }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": [
-                "painting"
-              ],
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
                 "source": {
                   "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
                   "type": "Model",
                   "label": {
-                    "en": [
-                      "Astronaut"
-                    ]
+                    "en": ["Astronaut"]
                   },
                   "format": "model/gltf-binary"
                 }
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ]
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                }
               }
             }
           ]
@@ -193,4 +177,4 @@
       ]
     }
   ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_position.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_position.json
index 8652fad..37e0587 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_position.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_position.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_negative_scale_position.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_negative_scale_position.json
index b3fa8bf..77c32fd 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_negative_scale_position.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_negative_scale_position.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -46,14 +45,13 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
-                    "type": "Model",
-                    "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
+                  "type": "Model",
+                  "format": "model/gltf-binary"
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "ScaleTransform",
@@ -64,13 +62,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_rotate_position.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_rotate_position.json
index 35d224e..a61ab04 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_rotate_position.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_rotate_position.json
@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
-                    "type": "Model",
-                    "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
+                  "type": "Model",
+                  "format": "model/gltf-binary"
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "RotateTransform",
@@ -37,13 +36,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_rotate_translate_position.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_rotate_translate_position.json
index 2bcdc50..a667e54 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_rotate_translate_position.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_rotate_translate_position.json
@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
-                    "type": "Model",
-                    "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
+                  "type": "Model",
+                  "format": "model/gltf-binary"
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "RotateTransform",
@@ -43,13 +42,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_scale_position.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_scale_position.json
index e7821e5..ee9ddb8 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_scale_position.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_scale_position.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -46,14 +45,13 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
-                    "type": "Model",
-                    "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
+                  "type": "Model",
+                  "format": "model/gltf-binary"
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "TranslateTransform",
@@ -70,13 +68,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_scale_translate_position.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_scale_translate_position.json
index faa9979..a894bd5 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_scale_translate_position.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_scale_translate_position.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -46,14 +45,13 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
-                    "type": "Model",
-                    "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
+                  "type": "Model",
+                  "format": "model/gltf-binary"
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "ScaleTransform",
@@ -70,13 +68,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_translate_rotate_position.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_translate_rotate_position.json
index d09d24d..695d7c8 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_translate_rotate_position.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_translate_rotate_position.json
@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
-                    "type": "Model",
-                    "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
+                  "type": "Model",
+                  "format": "model/gltf-binary"
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "TranslateTransform",
@@ -43,13 +42,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_translate_scale_position.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_translate_scale_position.json
index d27706d..e8105cb 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_translate_scale_position.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/model_transform_translate_scale_position.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -46,14 +45,13 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
-                    "type": "Model",
-                    "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
+                  "type": "Model",
+                  "format": "model/gltf-binary"
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "ScaleTransform",
@@ -64,13 +62,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json
index 4dce33f..d505430 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   "summary": { "en": ["Astronaut with rotation property defined in glb file and counteracting IIIF transform"] },
   "items": [
     {
-      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "label": { "en": ["A Scene"] },
       "items": [
@@ -19,47 +19,50 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source" : {
-                "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/tipped_astronaut.glb",
-                "type": "Model",
-                "format": "model/gltf-binary"
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/tipped_astronaut.glb",
+                  "type": "Model",
+                  "format": "model/gltf-binary"
                 },
-                "transform" : [
-                    {
-                        "type": "RotateTransform",
-                        "x" : 15,
-                        "y" : 20,
-                        "z" : 35
-                    }
+                "transform": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "RotateTransform",
+                    "x": 15,
+                    "y": 20,
+                    "z": 35
+                  }
                 ]
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1",
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
-              "body":  {
-                "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/lamp_post/lamp_post.glb",                
+              "body": {
+                "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/lamp_post/lamp_post.glb",
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary",
-                "rights" : "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
-                "metadata" : [
-                    {
-                        "label": { "en": [ "Attribution" ] },
-                        "value": { "none": [ "https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/old-fashioned-streetlamp-e98ebb84f03142618eb958817fe86967" ] }
-                    }
+                "rights": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
+                "metadata": [
+                  {
+                    "label": { "en": ["Attribution"] },
+                    "value": { "none": ["https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/old-fashioned-streetlamp-e98ebb84f03142618eb958817fe86967"] }
+                  }
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -70,7 +73,6 @@
                 ]
               }
             }
-            
           ]
         }
       ]
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_astronaut.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_astronaut.json
index 3c5ecba..f77342e 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_astronaut.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_astronaut.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   "summary": { "en": ["Astronaut with rotation property defined in glb file"] },
   "items": [
     {
-      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "label": { "en": ["A Scene"] },
       "items": [
@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@
                 "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/tipped_astronaut.glb",
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-                },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1"
+              },
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1",
@@ -33,22 +36,21 @@
                 "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/lamp_post/lamp_post.glb",
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary",
-                "rights" : "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
-                "metadata" : [
-                    {
-                        "label": { "en": [ "Attribution" ] },
-                        "value": { "none": [ "https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/old-fashioned-streetlamp-e98ebb84f03142618eb958817fe86967" ] }
-                    }
+                "rights": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
+                "metadata": [
+                  {
+                    "label": { "en": ["Attribution"] },
+                    "value": { "none": ["https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/old-fashioned-streetlamp-e98ebb84f03142618eb958817fe86967"] }
+                  }
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -59,7 +61,6 @@
                 ]
               }
             }
-            
           ]
         }
       ]
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/whale_cranium_and_mandible_position.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/whale_cranium_and_mandible_position.json
index d56039a..2c8830b 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/whale_cranium_and_mandible_position.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/whale_cranium_and_mandible_position.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -51,13 +50,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/6_2d_canvases_in_scene/iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_backward.json b/manifests/6_2d_canvases_in_scene/iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_backward.json
index c599517..618af9e 100644
--- a/manifests/6_2d_canvases_in_scene/iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_backward.json
+++ b/manifests/6_2d_canvases_in_scene/iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_backward.json
@@ -36,7 +36,10 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
@@ -47,6 +50,7 @@
                 "type": "Canvas"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
                 "source": {
                   "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
@@ -94,10 +98,13 @@
                   }
                 ]
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/canvas/1"            
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/canvas/1",
+                "type": "Canvas"
+              }
             }
           ]
-        } 
+        }
       ]
     }
   ]
diff --git a/manifests/6_2d_canvases_in_scene/iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_forward.json b/manifests/6_2d_canvases_in_scene/iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_forward.json
index 64f4a4d..d828106 100644
--- a/manifests/6_2d_canvases_in_scene/iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_forward.json
+++ b/manifests/6_2d_canvases_in_scene/iiif_canvas_with_bgcolor_forward.json
@@ -36,7 +36,10 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
@@ -47,6 +50,7 @@
                 "type": "Canvas"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
                 "source": {
                   "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
@@ -94,10 +98,13 @@
                   }
                 ]
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/canvas/1"            
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/canvas/1",
+                "type": "Canvas"
+              }
             }
           ]
-        } 
+        }
       ]
     }
   ]
diff --git a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_comment.json b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_comment.json
index ca32753..7870963 100644
--- a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_comment.json
+++ b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_comment.json
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@
                 "type": "Model",
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
-              "target": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1"
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
+              }
             }
           ]
         }
@@ -37,15 +40,17 @@
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "bodyValue": "Glove",
+              "body": {
+                "type": "TextualBody",
+                "value": "Glove"
+              },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -60,15 +65,17 @@
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "bodyValue": "Helmet",
+              "body": {
+                "type": "TextualBody",
+                "value": "Helmet"
+              },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_multilingual_comment.json b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_multilingual_comment.json
index 672ad2f..645946c 100644
--- a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_multilingual_comment.json
+++ b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_multilingual_comment.json
@@ -3,22 +3,17 @@
   "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/model_origin.json",
   "type": "Manifest",
   "label": {
-    "en": [
-      "Single Model with Multilingual Comment Annotations"
-    ]
+    "en": ["Single Model with Multilingual Comment Annotations"],
+    "es": ["Modelo único con anotaciones de comentarios multilingüe"]
   },
   "summary": { "en": ["Viewer should render the model at the scene origin and two multilingual comment annotations, one targeting a point near the astronaut's glove and the other targeting a point near the astronaut's helmet."] },
   "items": [
     {
-      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
+      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
       "type": "Scene",
       "label": {
-        "en": [
-          "Single Model with Comment Annotations"
-        ],
-        "es": [
-          "Modelo único con anotaciones de comentarios"
-        ]
+        "en": ["Single Model with Comment Annotations"],
+        "es": ["Modelo único con anotaciones de comentarios"]
       },
       "backgroundColor": "#33404d",
       "items": [
@@ -29,30 +24,22 @@
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": [
-                "painting"
-              ],
+              "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
                 "source": {
                   "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
                   "type": "Model",
                   "label": {
-                    "en": [
-                      "Astronaut"
-                    ]
+                    "en": ["Astronaut"]
                   },
                   "format": "model/gltf-binary"
                 }
               },
               "target": {
-                "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ]
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                "type": "Scene"
               }
             }
           ]
@@ -66,36 +53,31 @@
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": [
-                "commenting"
-              ],
-              "body": [
-                {
-                  "type": "Choice",
-                  "items": [
-                    {
-                      "type": "TextualBody",
-                      "value": "Glove",
-                      "language": "en",
-                      "format": "text/plain"
-                    },
-                    {
-                      "type": "TextualBody",
-                      "value": "Guante",
-                      "language": "es",
-                      "format": "text/plain"
-                    }
-                  ]
-                }
-              ],
-              "target": {
-                "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
+              "motivation": ["commenting"],
+              "body": {
+                "type": "Choice",
+                "items": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "TextualBody",
+                    "value": "Glove",
+                    "language": ["en"],
+                    "format": "text/plain"
+                  },
                   {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
+                    "type": "TextualBody",
+                    "value": "Guante",
+                    "language": ["es"],
+                    "format": "text/plain"
                   }
-                ],
+                ]
+              },
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
+                "type": "SpecificResource",
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -107,38 +89,33 @@
               }
             },
             {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
               "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": [
-                "commenting"
-              ],
-              "body": [
-                {
-                  "type": "Choice",
-                  "items": [
-                    {
-                      "type": "TextualBody",
-                      "value": "Helmet",
-                      "language": "en",
-                      "format": "text/plain"
-                    },
-                    {
-                      "type": "TextualBody",
-                      "value": "Casco",
-                      "language": "es",
-                      "format": "text/plain"
-                    }
-                  ]
-                }
-              ],
-              "target": {
-                "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
+              "motivation": ["commenting"],
+              "body": {
+                "type": "Choice",
+                "items": [
                   {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
+                    "type": "TextualBody",
+                    "value": "Helmet",
+                    "language": ["en"],
+                    "format": "text/plain"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "type": "TextualBody",
+                    "value": "Casco",
+                    "language": ["es"],
+                    "format": "text/plain"
                   }
-                ],
+                ]
+              },
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/target",
+                "type": "SpecificResource",
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -154,4 +131,4 @@
       ]
     }
   ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment.json b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment.json
index 5520573..bcde67a 100644
--- a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment.json
+++ b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -51,13 +50,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -80,15 +78,17 @@
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "bodyValue": "Right pterygoid hamulus",
+              "body": {
+                "type": "TextualBody",
+                "value": "Right pterygoid hamulus"
+              },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
                     "y": 0.063,
                     "z": -0.066
                   }
-                ]   
+                ]
               }
             }
           ]
diff --git a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_camera.json b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_camera.json
index d7e1592..dfd6e51 100644
--- a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_camera.json
+++ b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_camera.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -51,13 +50,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -73,17 +71,16 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
-                    "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                    "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
-                    "fieldOfView": 50.0,
-                    "near": 0.10,
-                    "far": 2000.0
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
+                  "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
+                  "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
+                  "fieldOfView": 50.0,
+                  "near": 0.10,
+                  "far": 2000.0
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "RotateTransform",
@@ -94,13 +91,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -123,15 +119,17 @@
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "bodyValue": "Right pterygoid hamulus",
+              "body": {
+                "type": "TextualBody",
+                "value": "Right pterygoid hamulus"
+              },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_label_body_position.json b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_label_body_position.json
index 074a9ac..ccc4bd2 100644
--- a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_label_body_position.json
+++ b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_label_body_position.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -51,13 +50,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -73,17 +71,16 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
-                    "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                    "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
-                    "fieldOfView": 50.0,
-                    "near": 0.10,
-                    "far": 2000.0
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
+                  "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
+                  "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
+                  "fieldOfView": 50.0,
+                  "near": 0.10,
+                  "far": 2000.0
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "RotateTransform",
@@ -94,13 +91,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -114,7 +110,7 @@
           ]
         }
       ],
-      "annotations" : [
+      "annotations": [
         {
           "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p2/1",
           "type": "AnnotationPage",
@@ -124,32 +120,34 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["commenting"],
               "body": {
-                  "type" : "TextualBody",
-                  "value" : "<p>Right pterygoid hamulus</p>",
-                  "format" : "text/html",
-                  "language" : "en",
-                  "position": {
-                    "type": "SpecificResource",
-                    "source": [{
-                      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                      "type": "Scene"
-                    }],
-                    "selector": [{
+                "type": "TextualBody",
+                "value": "<p>Right pterygoid hamulus</p>",
+                "format": "text/html",
+                "language": ["en"],
+                "position": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/body/position",
+                  "type": "SpecificResource",
+                  "source": {
+                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                    "type": "Scene"
+                  },
+                  "selector": [
+                    {
                       "type": "PointSelector",
                       "x": 0.040,
                       "y": 0.0,
                       "z": -0.066
-                    }]
-                  }
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_label_body_position_rotate.json b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_label_body_position_rotate.json
index c321ac0..f71ea79 100644
--- a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_label_body_position_rotate.json
+++ b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_label_body_position_rotate.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -51,13 +50,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -73,17 +71,16 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
-                    "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                    "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
-                    "fieldOfView": 50.0,
-                    "near": 0.10,
-                    "far": 2000.0
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
+                  "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
+                  "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
+                  "fieldOfView": 50.0,
+                  "near": 0.10,
+                  "far": 2000.0
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "RotateTransform",
@@ -94,13 +91,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -124,38 +120,42 @@
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["commenting"],
               "body": {
-                  "type" : "TextualBody",
-                  "value" : "<p>Right pterygoid hamulus</p>",
-                  "format" : "text/html",
-                  "language" : "en",
-                  "position": {
-                    "type": "SpecificResource",
-                    "source": [{
-                      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                      "type": "Scene"
-                    }],
-                    "selector": [{
+                "type": "TextualBody",
+                "value": "<p>Right pterygoid hamulus</p>",
+                "format": "text/html",
+                "language": ["en"],
+                "position": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/body/position",
+                  "type": "SpecificResource",
+                  "source": {
+                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                    "type": "Scene"
+                  },
+                  "selector": [
+                    {
                       "type": "PointSelector",
                       "x": 0.040,
                       "y": 0.0,
                       "z": -0.066
-                    }],
-                    "transform": [{
-                        "type": "RotateTransform",
-                        "x": 0.0,
-                        "y": 180.0,
-                        "z": 0.0
-                    }]
-                  }
+                    }
+                  ],
+                  "transform": [
+                    {
+                      "type": "RotateTransform",
+                      "x": 0.0,
+                      "y": 180.0,
+                      "z": 0.0
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
diff --git a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_point_polygon.json b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_point_polygon.json
index 76e59a0..f45045b 100644
--- a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_point_polygon.json
+++ b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_point_polygon.json
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -51,13 +50,12 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -68,45 +66,21 @@
                 ]
               }
             },
-            {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
-              "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "bodyValue": "Right pterygoid hamulus",
-              "target": {
-                "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
-                "selector": [
-                  {
-                    "type": "PointSelector",
-                    "x": 0.040,
-                    "y": 0.063,
-                    "z": -0.066
-                  }
-                ]
-              }
-            },
             {
               "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno5",
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["painting"],
               "body": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno5/body",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
-                    "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                    "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
-                    "fieldOfView": 50.0,
-                    "near": 0.10,
-                    "far": 2000.0
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
+                  "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
+                  "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera Pointed At Pterygoid Hamulus"]},
+                  "fieldOfView": 50.0,
+                  "near": 0.10,
+                  "far": 2000.0
+                },
                 "transform": [
                   {
                     "type": "RotateTransform",
@@ -117,13 +91,12 @@
                 ]
               },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno5/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
-                  }
-                ],
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
@@ -143,18 +116,45 @@
           "type": "AnnotationPage",
           "items": [
             {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4",
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
               "type": "Annotation",
               "motivation": ["commenting"],
-              "bodyValue": "Foramen magnum",
+              "body": {
+                "type": "TextualBody",
+                "value": "Right pterygoid hamulus"
+              },
               "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/target",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": [
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
+                "selector": [
                   {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                    "type": "Scene"
+                    "type": "PointSelector",
+                    "x": 0.040,
+                    "y": 0.063,
+                    "z": -0.066
                   }
-                ],
+                ]
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4",
+              "type": "Annotation",
+              "motivation": ["commenting"],
+              "body": {
+                "type": "TextualBody",
+                "value": "Foramen magnum"
+              },
+              "target": {
+                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno4/target",
+                "type": "SpecificResource",
+                "source": {
+                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
+                  "type": "Scene"
+                },
                 "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "WKTSelector",

From cf0ac9e494fea62ce71c24d828cabeabc07434fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julie Winchester <julie.winchester@duke.edu>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 12:29:24 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 4/7] Remove empty manifests and add TODO.md to note their
 absence

---
 manifests/11_special/zz_infinite_canvas.json  |  0
 .../zz_comment_at_t_pointselector.json        |  0
 .../zz_compact_frag_syntax.json               |  0
 ...canvas_in_scene_refinedby_t_mediafrag.json |  0
 manifests/TODO.md                             | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 23 insertions(+)
 delete mode 100644 manifests/11_special/zz_infinite_canvas.json
 delete mode 100644 manifests/8_scenes_with_duration/zz_comment_at_t_pointselector.json
 delete mode 100644 manifests/8_scenes_with_duration/zz_compact_frag_syntax.json
 delete mode 100644 manifests/8_scenes_with_duration/zz_video_on_iiif_canvas_in_scene_refinedby_t_mediafrag.json
 create mode 100644 manifests/TODO.md

diff --git a/manifests/11_special/zz_infinite_canvas.json b/manifests/11_special/zz_infinite_canvas.json
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/manifests/8_scenes_with_duration/zz_comment_at_t_pointselector.json b/manifests/8_scenes_with_duration/zz_comment_at_t_pointselector.json
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/manifests/8_scenes_with_duration/zz_compact_frag_syntax.json b/manifests/8_scenes_with_duration/zz_compact_frag_syntax.json
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/manifests/8_scenes_with_duration/zz_video_on_iiif_canvas_in_scene_refinedby_t_mediafrag.json b/manifests/8_scenes_with_duration/zz_video_on_iiif_canvas_in_scene_refinedby_t_mediafrag.json
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/manifests/TODO.md b/manifests/TODO.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6714b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manifests/TODO.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# TODO: Missing Placeholder Manifests
+
+The following manifest files were removed because they were empty and caused the IIIF Presentation API 4.0 validator to report errors. It should be considered whether they should be implemented and added back in the future.
+
+## Removed Files
+
+### `8_scenes_with_duration/`
+
+- **`zz_comment_at_t_pointselector.json`** — A scene with duration demonstrating
+  a commenting annotation targeted at a specific time point using a PointSelector
+  with a temporal component.
+
+- **`zz_compact_frag_syntax.json`** — A scene with duration demonstrating the
+  compact fragment syntax for targeting temporal segments of a timed scene.
+
+- **`zz_video_on_iiif_canvas_in_scene_refinedby_t_mediafrag.json`** — A scene
+  containing a video on a IIIF Canvas, with a media fragment selector used to
+  refine the target by time (`t=`).
+
+### `11_special/`
+
+- **`zz_infinite_canvas.json`** — A manifest demonstrating an infinite canvas
+  use case (details TBD).

From b1ec34ecad668f40af1277ff4d065a444b94a8ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julie Winchester <julie.winchester@duke.edu>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 10:16:59 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 5/7] Change 10_content_state to 10_activating_annotations

---
 .../README.md                                 |   0
 ...tronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json |   0
 .../whale_comment_activating_annotation.json} |   2 +-
 .../astronaut_comment_scope.json              | 208 ------------------
 4 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 209 deletions(-)
 rename manifests/{10_content_state => 10_activating_annotations}/README.md (100%)
 rename manifests/{11_special => 10_activating_annotations}/astronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json (100%)
 rename manifests/{10_content_state/whale_comment_scope_content_state.json => 10_activating_annotations/whale_comment_activating_annotation.json} (98%)
 delete mode 100644 manifests/10_content_state/astronaut_comment_scope.json

diff --git a/manifests/10_content_state/README.md b/manifests/10_activating_annotations/README.md
similarity index 100%
rename from manifests/10_content_state/README.md
rename to manifests/10_activating_annotations/README.md
diff --git a/manifests/11_special/astronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json b/manifests/10_activating_annotations/astronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json
similarity index 100%
rename from manifests/11_special/astronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json
rename to manifests/10_activating_annotations/astronaut_comment_activating_motivation.json
diff --git a/manifests/10_content_state/whale_comment_scope_content_state.json b/manifests/10_activating_annotations/whale_comment_activating_annotation.json
similarity index 98%
rename from manifests/10_content_state/whale_comment_scope_content_state.json
rename to manifests/10_activating_annotations/whale_comment_activating_annotation.json
index bac5f3d..58dadd3 100644
--- a/manifests/10_content_state/whale_comment_scope_content_state.json
+++ b/manifests/10_activating_annotations/whale_comment_activating_annotation.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
-  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/whale_comment_scope_content_state.json",
+  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/whale_comment_activating_annotation.json",
   "type": "Manifest",
   "label": { "en": ["Whale Cranium and Mandible with Dynamic Commenting Annotations and Custom Per-Anno Views"] },
   "summary": { "en": ["Description TBA"] },
diff --git a/manifests/10_content_state/astronaut_comment_scope.json b/manifests/10_content_state/astronaut_comment_scope.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 35a5070..0000000
--- a/manifests/10_content_state/astronaut_comment_scope.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
-  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/astronaut_comment_scope.json",
-  "type": "Manifest",
-  "label": { "en": ["Single Model with Comment Annotations and Custom Views Per Annotation"] },
-  "summary": { "en": ["Viewer should render the model at the scene origin and two comment annotations, one targeting a point near the astronaut's glove and the other targeting a point near the astronaut's helmet. Each comment annotation has a specific camera position and view specified for it using content state scope for the annotation."] },
-  "items": [
-    {
-      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-      "type": "Scene",
-      "label": { "en": ["A Scene"] },
-      "items": [
-        {
-          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
-          "type": "AnnotationPage",
-          "items": [
-            {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno1",
-              "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["painting"],
-              "body": {
-                "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IIIF/3d/main/assets/astronaut/astronaut.glb",
-                "type": "Model",
-                "format": "model/gltf-binary"
-              },
-              "target": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                "type": "Scene"
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/camera-anno-glove",
-              "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["painting"],
-              "behavior": ["hidden"],
-              "body": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/1",
-                "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera for Glove"]},
-                "lookAt": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/uuid/6799e7d1-89a1-4e76-bcb9-3c0c47065598",
-                  "type": "PointSelector",
-                  "x": 0.0,
-                  "y": 2.0108470916748047,
-                  "z": -0.012333005666732798
-                }
-              },
-              "target": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/48350b8f-be54-4a20-990e-80b596efbb36",
-                "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                  "type": "Scene"
-                },
-                "selector": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/uuid/1a0f1b38-2ab7-4603-bfc3-353e77f18c93",
-                    "type": "PointSelector",
-                    "x": 0.0,
-                    "y": 2.010847091674805,
-                    "z": 9.11616179783789
-                  }
-                ]
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/camera-anno-helmet",
-              "type": "Annotation",
-              "motivation": ["painting"],
-              "behavior": ["hidden"],
-              "body": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/cameras/2",
-                "type": "PerspectiveCamera",
-                "label": {"en": ["Perspective Camera for Helmet"]},
-                "lookAt": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/uuid/80ace027-d43d-48f2-81dc-59bfed7b61cc",
-                  "type": "PointSelector",
-                  "x": 0.0,
-                  "y": 2.0108470916748047,
-                  "z": -0.012333005666732798
-                }
-              },
-              "target": {
-                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/ea4fcfb0-7341-48e3-a85d-d9c9f2bac5a0",
-                "type": "SpecificResource",
-                "source": {
-                  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-                  "type": "Scene"
-                },
-                "selector": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/uuid/fa64be77-e766-49f0-a89c-cf1a6b7f5869",
-                    "type": "PointSelector",
-                    "x": 0.0,
-                    "y": 2.010847091674805,
-                    "z": 9.11616179783789
-                  }
-                ]
-              }
-            }
-          ]
-        }
-      ]
-    }
-  ],
-  "annotations": [
-    {
-      "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p2/1",
-      "type": "AnnotationPage",
-      "items": [
-        {
-          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
-          "type": "Annotation",
-          "motivation": ["commenting"],
-          "body": {
-            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2/bodies/glove",
-            "type": "TextualBody",
-            "value": "Glove",
-            "language": ["en"],
-            "format": "text/plain"
-          },
-          "target": {
-            "id": "https://example.org/uuid/ab7f9b03-2c13-416c-85d8-13e4ef6d6a3b",
-            "type": "SpecificResource",
-            "source": {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-              "type": "Scene"
-            },
-            "selector": [
-              {
-                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/bfa9c562-3480-4605-aa60-fff02a1d6716",
-                "type": "PointSelector",
-                "x": 1.075,
-                "y": 1.894,
-                "z": 0.204
-              }
-            ]
-          }
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
-          "type": "Annotation",
-          "motivation": ["commenting"],
-          "body": {
-            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3/bodies/helmet",
-            "type": "TextualBody",
-            "value": "Helmet",
-            "language": ["en"],
-            "format": "text/plain"
-          },
-          "target": {
-            "id": "https://example.org/uuid/8e6a68cd-a5be-4661-acc2-a373f2e749ae",
-            "type": "SpecificResource",
-            "source": {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
-              "type": "Scene"
-            },
-            "selector": [
-              {
-                "id": "https://example.org/uuid/7f940815-62f7-4d99-99e9-2f2a1ba0e7c8",
-                "type": "PointSelector",
-                "x": 0.006,
-                "y": 3.498,
-                "z": 0.703
-              }
-            ]
-          }
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/glove",
-          "type": "Annotation",
-          "motivation": ["activating"],
-          "target": {
-            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno2",
-            "type": "Annotation"
-          },
-          "body": {
-            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/glove/body",
-            "type": "SpecificResource",
-            "source": {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/camera-anno-glove",
-              "type": "Annotation"
-            },
-            "action": ["show", "enable", "select"]
-          }
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/helmet",
-          "type": "Annotation",
-          "motivation": ["activating"],
-          "target": {
-            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/anno3",
-            "type": "Annotation"
-          },
-          "body": {
-            "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/activating/helmet/body",
-            "type": "SpecificResource",
-            "source": {
-              "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/camera-anno-helmet",
-              "type": "Annotation"
-            },
-            "action": ["show", "enable", "select"]
-          }
-        }
-      ]
-    }
-  ]
-}

From 030dea2c55bc409220f7963478fd465c8b4c3bce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julie Winchester <julie.winchester@duke.edu>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 10:20:19 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 6/7] Rename GitHub action YML

---
 .github/workflows/{valiadte.yml => validate.yml} | 0
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename .github/workflows/{valiadte.yml => validate.yml} (100%)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/valiadte.yml b/.github/workflows/validate.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from .github/workflows/valiadte.yml
rename to .github/workflows/validate.yml

From 7de9f1d191cfdf936a1e210ac82104e1f62301c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julie Winchester <julie.winchester@duke.edu>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 11:10:42 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 7/7] Fix more spec issues

---
 manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin.json          | 2 +-
 manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin_bgcolor.json  | 4 ++--
 manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json      | 6 ++++--
 manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_point.json     | 4 ++--
 manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json               | 2 +-
 .../multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json        | 2 +-
 .../tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json                       | 2 +-
 manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_astronaut.json    | 2 +-
 .../astronaut_multilingual_comment.json                     | 2 +-
 .../whale_comment_point_polygon.json                        | 2 +-
 10 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin.json b/manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin.json
index 4100be5..086ac8d 100644
--- a/manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin.json
+++ b/manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin.json
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
-                "id"   : "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
+                "id"   : "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
                 "type" : "Scene"
               }
             }
diff --git a/manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin_bgcolor.json b/manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin_bgcolor.json
index 2eed259..c38dc93 100644
--- a/manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin_bgcolor.json
+++ b/manifests/1_basic_model_in_scene/model_origin_bgcolor.json
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@
                 "format": "model/gltf-binary"
               },
               "target": {
-                "id"   : "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/page/p1/1",
+                "id"   : "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
                 "type" : "Scene"
-              } 
+              }
             }
           ]
         }
diff --git a/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json b/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json
index d110b77..212663a 100644
--- a/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json
+++ b/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_anno.json
@@ -48,12 +48,14 @@
                     "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
                     "type": "Scene"
                   },
-                "selector":  {
+                "selector": [
+                  {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
                     "x": 0.0,
                     "y": 3.0,
                     "z": -10.0
-                }
+                  }
+                ]
               }
             }
           ]
diff --git a/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_point.json b/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_point.json
index e82615d..123fd02 100644
--- a/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_point.json
+++ b/manifests/2_cameras/positioned_camera_lookat_point.json
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@
                     "type": "Scene"
                   }
                 ,
-                "selector": 
+                "selector": [
                   {
                     "type": "PointSelector",
                     "x": 0.0,
                     "y": 3.0,
                     "z": -10.0
                   }
-                
+                ]
               }
             }
           ]
diff --git a/manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json b/manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json
index 74fa241..11aaa53 100644
--- a/manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json
+++ b/manifests/2_cameras/zz_choice_of_cameras.json
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
                 "id": "https://example.org/iiif/specificresource/1",
                 "type": "SpecificResource",
                 "source": {
-                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1/1",
+                    "id": "https://example.org/iiif/scene1",
                     "type": "Scene"
                   },
                 "selector": {
diff --git a/manifests/3_lights/multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json b/manifests/3_lights/multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json
index 427ad49..3b85c76 100644
--- a/manifests/3_lights/multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json
+++ b/manifests/3_lights/multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
-  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/model_origin.json",
+  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/multiple_lights_with_intensities_and_colors.json",
   "type": "Manifest",
   "label": {
     "en": [
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json
index d505430..7d85a47 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
-  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/model_origin.json",
+  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/tipped_and_rotated_astronaut.json",
   "type": "Manifest",
   "label": { "en": ["glTF rotation property - IIIF transform demonstration"] },
   "summary": { "en": ["Astronaut with rotation property defined in glb file and counteracting IIIF transform"] },
diff --git a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_astronaut.json b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_astronaut.json
index f77342e..ea9cda0 100644
--- a/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_astronaut.json
+++ b/manifests/4_transform_and_position/tipped_astronaut.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
-  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/model_origin.json",
+  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/tipped_astronaut.json",
   "type": "Manifest",
   "label": { "en": ["glTF rotation property demonstration"] },
   "summary": { "en": ["Astronaut with rotation property defined in glb file"] },
diff --git a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_multilingual_comment.json b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_multilingual_comment.json
index 645946c..2c1789a 100644
--- a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_multilingual_comment.json
+++ b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/astronaut_multilingual_comment.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/4/context.json",
-  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/model_origin.json",
+  "id": "https://example.org/iiif/3d/astronaut_multilingual_comment.json",
   "type": "Manifest",
   "label": {
     "en": ["Single Model with Multilingual Comment Annotations"],
diff --git a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_point_polygon.json b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_point_polygon.json
index f45045b..bd646a0 100644
--- a/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_point_polygon.json
+++ b/manifests/9_commenting_annotations/whale_comment_point_polygon.json
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
                 },
                 "selector": [
                   {
-                    "type": "WKTSelector",
+                    "type": "WktSelector",
                     "value": "POLYGON Z ((0 0.18 -0.23, -0.03 0.16 -0.23, -0.015 0.12 -0.23, 0.006 0.12 -0.23, 0.027 0.16 -0.230))"
                   }
                 ]